Germplasm Materials Selection And Establishing Techniques For Anti-Bird Turf Type Achnatherum Inebrians

In this study,22 samples of drunken horse grass（Achnatherum inebrians）-（Epichlo（?））symbionts from four provinces（regions）,including Xinjiang（XJ）,Inner Mongolia（NMG）,Gansu（GS）,and Qinghai（QH）were used as the research material.Through field and greenhouse experiments,we screened germplasm with excellent turf characteristics and high alkaloid content for drunken horse grass.The effects of nitrogen application on plant vegetative growth and seed yield of were investigated.Further,the effects of soaking seeds with plant growth regulators and covering with different materials on the formation characteristics and turf quality of drunken horse grass were also analyzed.The major aim of the current study was to provide excellent breeding materials and technical support for the cultivation of new varieties of bird repelling grass with high toxicity and rapid establishment.The main research results obtained are as follows:（1）The comprehensive evaluation in the field resulted that QH-2 from Qinghai,GS-7 and GS-4 from Gansu,and XJ-24 from Xinjiang had higher evaluation,with excellent plant types and high alkaloid content with multiple and effective tillers,low and short plants,and large crown width.Among them,GS-4,GS-5,GS-6 and NM-1showed more than 130 tillers.The effective tillers of GS-1,GS-5,GS-4 and QH-3 plants were more than 35.The plant height of XJ-2,XJ-3,XJ-5 and GS-3 was lower than 80cm.The XJ-6,GS-2 and GS-1 had larger crown widths,all were greater than 85 cm.The content of ergonovine in the leaves of QH-2,GS-3,GS-4 and GS-7 plants at tillering stage was higher than 240 mg·kg^-1,while this content in whole plants of QH-2,XJ-2 and GS-7 plants was higher than 130 mg·kg^-1 at mature stage.（2）Through pot control experiments,it was found that nitrogen application significantly increased（P<0.05）the tiller,chlorophyll content,soluble sugar soluble protein and other turf traits and nutrient content,as well as single plant seed yield of drunken horse grass.The large panicle type was selected as an excellent panicle type for high yield of drunken horse grass,and the nutritional growth and seed yield of the plant best under 80 g·hm^-2nitrogen application.Under the treatment of no nitrogen fertilizer application,the seed germination rate,germination index and vigor index of large panicle type were significantly higher than those of middle and small panicle type.The leaf SPAD value,tillering,net photosynthetic rate and the contents of total nitrogen,total phosphorus,soluble sugar and soluble protein of the large spike type were higher than those of the other two panicle types.Meanwhile,the total phosphorus content was significantly higher than that of the middle and the small panicle type（P<0.05）,and the total nitrogen content was significantly higher than that of the middle panicle type（P<0.05）.The spike grain weight and 1000-grain weight of the large panicle type were26.34%and 56.73%higher than those of the middle panicle type,respectively,and20.74%and 33.32%higher than small panicle type.（3）The comprehensive evaluation of the quality of the drunken horse grass turf explained that the soaking+non-woven fabric coverage treatment had the fastest turf formation speed and the highest comprehensive quality of the turf.Soaking seeds with plant growth regulator and covering with two kinds of materials showed effective promotion of the growth of turf seedlings and improved the comprehensive quality of turf.The seedling emergence rate and speed of turf formation of drunken horse grass under the treatment of seed soaking+non-woven fabric mulch were the fastest,significantly higher than the control,seed soaking and straw mulch treatment（P<0.05）,and the growth rate and aboveground biomass of turf grass after turf formation were not significantly different from the control.The density,color and uniformity of turf under seed soaking+non-woven covering treatment were higher than those of other treatments.The ground cover of turf was higher under the treatment of non-woven fabric mulching and seed soaking+straw mulching.The grass period of turf under straw mulching,non-woven fabric mulching and seed soaking+straw mulching treatments were significantly higher than that of the control（P<0.05）,which was 11days,9 days and 8 days longer than that of the control,respectively.During the green period of the turf,the content of ergometrine in the turf grass treated with seed soaking and non-woven fabric coverage ranged from 126.83 mg·kg^-1 to 665.32 mg·kg^-1,which was significantly higher than that of the control in May（P<0.05）.The month of June showed the best comprehensive quality of the lawn,with a slight decrease during the high temperature period.