| The sowing date of peanuts in northern China varies from the end of March to mid-June.Different sowing dates have differences in the dynamic growth and development of peanuts and meteorological factors such as light,heat,and water,and choosing the appropriate sowing date can better match local resources and environment,thereby improving the yield and quality of peanuts.This experiment selected three varieties of peanuts:Small peanuts Shanhua20,Large peanuts Shanhua 9,and high oleic acid peanuts Shanhua 21.Six sowing dates were set on April 10th,April 26th,May 7th,May 15th,June 1st,and June 15th.The study analyzed the differences in light,temperature,water and meteorological conditions in different sowing dates,and the impact of sowing date on growth process,yield and quality.A growth period model and a meteorological yield model were established through analysis.The main research results are as follows:1The meteorological conditions and fertility process advantages of peanut varieties suitable for sowing datePeanuts are sown from April 26 to May 15,and the growth process is consistent with the meteorological conditions.It makes full use of natural resources such as light,temperature and water to promote the growth and development of peanuts and improve the yield and quality.Peanuts are sown from April 26 to May 15.The flowering stage is in the rainy season,and the maturity period is in the rainy weather.The key period of yield formation is strong solar radiation and long sunshine hours.The emergence is fast,the seedling growth is fast,and the total growth period is shorter than early sowing.The main stem height,lateral branch length,main stem node number and branch number at initial flowering stage were higher than those of early sowing.The main stem height,lateral branch length,main stem node number and branch number were higher than those of other sowing dates at flowering stage,maturity stage and harvest stage.2.The yield and quality of peanuts sown at the right dateThe yield of Shanhua 20 was the highest on April 26,the yield of Shanhua 9 was the highest on April 26,and the yield of Shanhua 21 was the highest on May 7,which were4234.12 kg/hm~2,4957.01 kg/hm~2and 4574.04 kg/hm~2,respectively.Sowing on May 7 and later,the full fruit rate and full kernel rate of peanut were significantly higher than those sowing in April.Shanhua 20 was sown on April 26,and the crude protein and oil content of peanut sown on April 26 and later were at a high level.The suitable sowing date of small peanut Shanhua 20 was April 26,and the suitable sowing date of large peanut Shanhua 9 and high oleic peanut Shanhua 21 was May 7.3.The key meteorological factors affecting peanut yieldThe effect of air temperature on yield was positive at germination,seedling and podding stages.The effect of precipitation on yield was positive at flowering and podding stages.The solar radiation intensity had a positive effect at the flowering stage and full fruit maturity stage,and had a negative effect at other stages.Sunshine duration was the most sensitive and positive effect at podding stage.The significant factors affecting peanut yield were temperature and precipitation at germination and seedling stage,seedling stage and flowering stage,sunshine hours and temperature at podding stage,precipitation and sunshine hours at full fruit maturity stage. |
