Effect Of Microbial Fertilizer Application On Wheat And Oilseed Rape Cultivation

Due to long-term application of chemical fertilizers,a number of problems has been brought about,such as environmental pollution,soil fertility decline,and crop quality degradation.Such adverse effects have become still worse in the agricultural production,especially in the environment-friendly Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,which is now pretty much the agenda for our country.The microbial fertilizer,the latest with both fertility and enrichment of the planting environment,is expected to replace the chemical fertilizer to decrease the adverse effects caused by the latter.Based on the field experiment of two objects,wheat with the largest planting area and oilseed rape in Qinghai Province,the microbial and the chemical groups have been set up with 3replicates respectively.Combined with the high-throughput sequencing technology,comparisons between the two groups have been drawn in aspects of crop growth,soil fertility and soil microbiota,in the hope of providing a theoretical basis for the large-scale promotion of the microbial fertilizer in Qinghai Province.(1)Effects of the microbial fertilizer on growth and quality of wheat and oilseed rapeThe microbial fertilizer group promoted the growth of stem thickness,flag leaf area,spike length,spike grain number,effective spike grain number and thousand grain weight of wheat compared with the chemical fertilizer group,increasing 18.18%,4.67%,5.56%,12.11%,13.38% and 6%,respectively,and yield increased by 6.92% compared with the chemical fertilizer group,with the effect on flag leaf area and spike grain number reaching a significant level(P<0.05).The plant height,primary branch point height,root dry weight,stem dry weight,effective angular fruit length,effective angular grain number and thousand grain weight of rape plants were also boosted by 5.46%,5.61%,10.44%,3.01%,31.99%,3.66% and 6.98%,respectively,compared to the chemical fertiliser group,resulting in a yield increase of 2.26%.However,the yield increase was not as effective as in wheat due to a 38.31% and 12.88% decrease in the number of primary branches and effective angular fruit number per plant.The results of testing the seed quality indicators of wheat and rape harvests showed that the microbial fertiliser played a positive role in enhancing amino acids in wheat,reducing fatty acids in wheat,enhancing oil and moisture content in rape and reducing impurities in rapeseed.(2)Effects of the microbial fertilizer on soil fertility with wheat and oilseed rapeIn the microbial fertilizer application group compared with the chemical fertilizer application group,the microbial fertilizer increased organic matter by 1.79% and 2.59%,total nitrogen by 2.44% and 6.37%,total phosphorus by 2.17% and 0.43%,alkaline digested nitrogen by 32.1% and 1.87%,effective phosphorus by 33.99% and 5.59%,and reduced soil p H in wheat and rape soils,respectively.value.However,the content of effective potassium decreased in both crops,by 9.85% and 21.43%,especially in rape soils where the difference reached a significant level(P<0.05),which further affected the growth and yield of rape.This may be due to the low content or low activity of microorganisms in microbial fertilizers for the decomposition and utilization of potassium.Meanwhile,the improvement of soil fertility indexes by microbial fertilizer was not significant because the mechanism of microbial fertilizer action is to promote plant growth through microbial life activity and soil or plant interactions,not like chemical fertilizers that directly apply various nutrients to the soil for plant growth.(3)Effects of the microbial fertilizer on soil soil microorganism with wheat and oilseed rape.In the microbial fertiliser group compared to the chemical fertiliser group,the application of microbial fertiliser increased the diversity of fungi and bacteria and reduced the abundance of fungi and bacteria in the soil of both crops,while the decrease in the abundance index reduced the chance of the crop being attacked by pathogenic bacteria.The Venn diagram and Beta diversity PCA plot showed that the community composition of the microbial fertiliser group was more stable and less variable between samples,indicating that the application of microbial fertilisers could improve the resistance of soil microorganisms.The results of the microbial community analysis showed that Actinobacteriota,Proteobacteria,Chloroflexi and Acidobacteriota among the bacteria were the dominant phyla in the soil of the root zone of both crops,while Ascomycota,Ascomycota and Acidobacteriota among the fungi were the dominant phyla in the soil of the root zone of both crops.Ascomycota,Mortierellomycota and Basidiomycota were dominant in the rhizosphere of both crops.The application of microbial fertilizers can increase the relative abundance of functional species such as Aspergillus,Actinomycetes,Ascomycetes,Sordariomycetes and Chaetomium,and decrease the relative abundance of pathogenic bacteria such as Agaricomycetes and Mortierella,which indicates that This suggests that microbial fertilisers can play a positive role in improving the composition of soil microbial communities.The results of the correlation analysis between soil microorganisms and environmental factors showed that in weakly alkaline soils,p H was negatively correlated with most soil microorganisms.Various groups of microorganisms showed good correlation with environmental factors,indicating that various fast-acting elements in the soil have different effects on the changes in the structure of the microbial community.In summary,the microbial fertilizer plays a positive role in promoting crop growth,improving soil fertility and soil microbiota structure in plateau agricultural planting.