| Planting grass in orchards,a soil conservation measure,has gradually replaced bare soil in recent years and is increasingly used in viticultural production.However,there are few previous studies on the effects of grass on soil properties.In this study,Jinshan production area at the eastern foot of Helan Mountain in Ningxia was selected as the experimental site,and the main cultivars in Jinshan production area,Cabernet Sauvignon,Chardonnay and Merlot,were selected as the research objects.Natural grass growing between rows and clean tillage were used as the control.In July,August and September,0-20cm and 20-40cm soil layers in each treatment area were collected for the determination and analysis of soil physics and chemistry,enzyme activities and microorganisms.The influence of vineyard natural grass on soil was studied in order to provide some theoretical basis and reference for grape grass in the eastern foot of Helan Mountain.The main research conclusions are as follows:1.Investigation of natural grass planting between vineyard rows.Effects of Natural grasses on Soil physical and chemical Properties in Vineyards After the investigation of grass species in Jiadi Winery at the eastern foot of Helan Mountain in two growing seasons,it was found that grass species in Jiadi Winery was scarce,and a total of 13 wild grass species were found.The index of grass species coverage and biomass was determined by using the "four degrees and one measure" method.(Artemisia scoparia)and(Amaranthus retroflexus L.)are the dominant species of natural grasses in Jiadi Winery.2.Influence of natural grass growing in vineyards on soil physical and chemical properties.Compared with clear tillage,the soil water content,available potassium,available nitrogen,total nitrogen and total phosphorus of the three varieties in the experiment vineyard were lower in the early stage than in the late stage,and higher in the late stage.The soil pH and available potassium of the three varieties were reduced after natural tillage.The effect of significantly reducing soil temperature.It had no significant effect on soil conductivity.3.Effects of natural grass growing in vineyards on soil enzyme activities.The activities of urease and sucrase in soil of natural grass growing in vineyards were significantly different from those of clear tillage.The activities of urease and sucrase in soil of natural grass growing in vineyards were decreased in early stage,but significantly increased in late stage.There was no significant effect on catalase in three grape varieties.4.Effects of natural grass growing in vineyards on soil microbial communities.Natural grass growing in vineyards has an impact on soil bacteria and fungi richness index(Chaol index and Observed species index),which is higher than that of detillage,but has no significant effect on diversity index(Shannon index and Simpson index).Natural grasses can improve the relative abundance of Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria in three vineyard varieties.According to RDA and Pearson analysis,soil total phosphorus,available potassium,total nitrogen,pH and organic matter are the soil factors driving the main groups of soil microorganisms.Natural grass growing in vineyards can improve soil physical and chemical,enzyme activities and microbial conditions to a certain extent,which is a good way to manage vineyard soil at the eastern foot of Helan Mountain. |
