| Ganoderma lucidum is a famous medicinal and edible fungus.Ganoderma leucocontextum is a kind of Ganoderma with high commercial value.They all belong to the genus Ganoderma.Ganoderic acid(GA)is the secondary metabolite of G.lucidum,with efficacy like antitumor,free radical scavenging,anti-aging,antiviral as reported.The content of GA is considered as an important indicator of the quality of G.lucidum products.Previous studies have shown that various stresses will affect the biosynthesis of GAs in G.lucidum.For example,acetic acid induction,salicylic acid induction,thermal stimulation,Cu2+induction,methyl jasmonate induction and so on will cause extremely significant accumulation of GAs in G.lucidum.It is not clear whether these signals have an effect on the composition of GAs in G.lucidum.GAs are the huge family.GAs have different biological activities.Studying the changes of GAs composition in G.lucidum under stress provides an important idea for the debut of G.lucidum products with special GAs.Under the treatment of exogenous salicylic acid,the GAs of G.lucidum and G.leucocontextum increased by 37.80%and 31.85%respectively;under the treatment of exogenous acetic acid,the GAs of G.lucidum and G.leucocontextum increased by 28.86%and 32.64%respectively;under heat treatment,the content of GAs of G.lucidum and G.leucocontextum increased by 51.87%and 54.05%respectively.From the HPLC fingerprint of G.lucidum and G.leucocontextum,it is found that the composition of GAs has changed,and they have the following common points that the accumulation of GAs in the treatment of salicylic acid increased by low polarity;Heat treatment mainly increased the level of the medium polar GAs;the content of GAs in the treatment of exogenous acetic acid was increased by medium and low polarity,however,the high-polarity and lowest-polarity GAs are reduced.In order to further explore the changes of GAs in G.lucidum caused by stress,liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS)was used.The active components of GA were matched by database comparison.In the treatment of exogenous salicylic acid,10 kinds of GAs with reported biological activity were found in the low polar position of LC-MS UV spectrum,which are Ganoderiol A,Methyl lucidenate Q,Ganoderol A,Ganoderic acid X,Ganoderiol D,Butyl ganoderate A,Lucialdehyde B,Ganodermadiol,Ganoderic acid TR,4,4,14α-Trimethyl-5α-chol-7,9(11)-dien-3-oxo-24-oic acid.Under the heat treatment,we found 7 kinds of GAs with biological activity reported in the middle polar position of LC-MS UV spectrum,which are respectively Applanoxidic acid G,Ganodermatetraol,Butyl ganoderate A,Ganoderenic acid B,Ganoderiol A,Methyl lucidenate Q,Butyl ganoderate A.Under the treatment of exogenous acetic acid,we found 21 kinds of GAs with reported biological activity in the middle and low polarity positions of LC-MS UV spectrum.They are ganoderiol E,Tsugarioside A,applanoxidic acid F,colossosolactone VII,ganoderic acid JC,lucidumol B,applanoxidic acid A,ganoderic acid DM,ganoderic acid GS-1,15-Hydroxy-ganoderic acid S,Ganoderiol A,Ganoderic acid Y,Methyl lucidenate Q,Ganoderol A,Ganoderic acid X,Ganoderiol D,Ganoderiol D,Butyl ganoderate A,Ganodermadiol,Ganoderic acid TR,4,4,14α-Trimethyl-5α-chol-7,9(11)-dien-3-oxo-24-oic acid.Among the three stresses,Butyl ganoderate A,Methyl lucidenate Q and Ganoderiol A appeared.Furthermore,the mass spectrometry results of three stresses(salicylic acid,heat,acetic acid)were made.The results showed that the three kinds of stress could change the composition of GA,increase the content of bioactive GAs,and enhance the value of G.lucidum and G.leucocontextum,and provide a reference for the targeted production of G.lucidum products in the future. |
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