| Taking 28 wheat varieties newly bred and popularized in the northern spring wheat region of our country as test materials,and taking drought-resistant,water-saving and high-quality varieties screening as objectives,through setting up two different irrigation modes,the growth and development,photosynthetic characteristics,matter accumulation,grain yield and quality of different spring wheat varieties were determined,by means of membership function,drought-resistance Index,principal component analysis and cluster analysis,the drought-resistance and water-saving performance,yield and quality indexes of the tested varieties were comprehensively evaluated,seven wheat varieties,Bamai 13,Barmai 22,Ningchun 50,Bafeng 5,Ningchun 53,Ning H 3015 and Ningchun 52,were selected for planting in Hetao irrigation area,in order to achieve the goal of water saving,high quality and high yield,different wheat varieties have different performances in high yield,water saving,drought resistance and grain quality,the main results were as follows:1 The plant height and spike length of conventional irrigation treatment(W3)were significantly higher than those of water-saving irrigation treatment(W1),and stem diameter were significantly lower than those of water-saving irrigation treatment(W1),the plant height and spike length of Longchun 2 were significantly higher than those of other varieties,and the effect of irrigation pattern and variety interaction on plant height was significant.2 The effects of irrigation pattern on net photosynthetic rate of flag leaf,chlorophyll fluorescence parameter(FV/FM),specific leaf weight,relative water content of flag leaf and storage transfer rate of vegetative organs were significant or very significant,the differences of net photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate,FV/FM value,specific leaf weight,relative water content of flag leaf,transfer rate,transfer rate and contribution rate to grain among different cultivars were also very significant or significant,the net photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate of Wuchun 11 and Longchun 30 were higher than that of other varieties,and the relative water content of flag leaves of Wuchun 10 and Nongmai 5 were higher under water saving irrigation.The effects of irrigation pattern and variety interaction on net photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate,specific leaf weight,pre-anthesis storage of vegetative organs and grain contribution rate of wheat after anthesis were very significant.Under the two irrigation treatments,the SPAD value of flag leaves of different varieties reached the highest value 27 days after anthesis,and then the SPAD value of flag leaves of W3 treatment decreased relatively slowly.3 The panicle number and yield of conventional irrigation mode were significantly higher than that of water saving irrigation mode,but the 1000-grain weight was significantly lower than that of water saving irrigation mode The differences of panicle number,grain number per spike,1000-grain weight and yield among different varieties were very significant.There was significant positive correlation between wheat yield and water use efficiencyunder two irrigation patterns,and high wue varieties could keep high yield under both irrigation patterns.Compared with water-saving irrigation,the yield of Neimai 17 and Bafeng 6 under conventional irrigation increased by 17.85%～16.66%,and the yield of Ningchun 51 and Ningchun 50 increased by 1.43%～0.18%,strong drought resistance.The effects of irrigation pattern and variety interaction on spike number and yield were also significant.4 Under conventional irrigation,the total water consumption of wheat,irrigation water and its proportion in total water consumption,soil water storage consumption increased to different degrees compared with that under water-saving irrigation,the ratio of precipitation and soil water storage to total water consumption was lower than that of water-saving irrigation.The water use efficiency under water saving irrigation is 60.96%higher than that under conventional irrigation.The water use efficiency of Bamai 22,Nongmai 482 and Bamai 13 under water saving irrigation was higher than that of other water saving irrigation patterns,ranging from 2.78 kg/m~3to 2.70 kg/m~3.The wue of Xiaba22,Nongmai 482 and Bamai 13 were significantly higher than that of other water saving irrigation patterns.5 The protein content,wet gluten content,starch content,water absorption rate,forming time,stable time,softening degree and extension degree of wheat grain under water saving irrigation treatment were increased to different degrees compared with those under conventional irrigation treatment,the maximum extension resistance was lower than that of conventional irrigation.Neimai 17,Xinchun 37 and Ningchun 52 all showed good quality under two irrigation modes.In contrast,drought-resistant varieties had lower grain protein content and wet gluten content,while high wue varieties had shorter dough stability time. |
