Comparison Of Transcriptome Reveals Differential Between Dairy And Beef Cattles,and Innate Immunity During Growth Phase

Cattle have evolved through artificial selection into different breeds that can be used only for milk or meat production,or for both milk and meat.Such selection and breeding may vary between breeds,ages and tissues in terms of their own abilities(meat,milk and reproductive traits,etc.)as well as other important abilities(adaptability,disease resistance and immunity,etc.).In this study,Holstein and Hereford cattles were selected as the research objects to analyze the gene expression and temporal dynamic gene expression trends at different growth stages of liver and pituitary transcriptome,and to explore the differentially expressed genes and key pathways related to lactation,meat quality and innate immunity.In addition,population differentiation index was used to screen the degree of gene differentiation in liver and pituitary tissues of dairy and beef cattle,and further identify the genes and pathways related to other phenotypes such as lactation,meat quality and innate immunity between dairy and beef cattle.The result is as follows:1.In this study,liver transcriptome data of Holstein dairy cows and Heford beef cattle were used to analyze differences in developmental months(6,9 and 12 months)and temporal gene dynamic expression levels.The results of differentially expressed genes showed that were mainly related to PPAR signaling pathway,cytochrome P450 signaling pathway and metabolic pathway.In the same expression trend,the differences of timing expressed genes and metabolic pathway related signaling pathways between dairy cows and beef cattle were studied.2.Then,the pituitary transcriptome data of Holstein dairy cows and Heford beef cattle were used to analyze differences in developmental months(6,9 and 12months)and temporal gene dynamic expression levels.The results of differentially expressed genes showed that were mainly related to c AMP signaling pathway and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway.In the same expression trend,differences in the sequence expressed genes join in oxidative phosphorylation pathways,cardiac contraction,non-alcohol fatty liver disease and mineral absorption processes between cows and beef cattle were identified.3.The whole gene expression profiles of dairy and beef cattles at different developmental stages were analyzed by selective signal analysis.Finally,113 highly differentiated SNPS(Fst & GT;0.6)and 54 selected genes were screened.QTL matching revealed that the genes affecting lactation traits between dairy and beef cattles were SP1,MCTP1,ATOH8,TAF3,COL14A1,NNT,LOC102172503,TEKT5.The genes affecting beef quality were TCEB3,CNTNAP2,RHOBTB2,TEX2 and LOC102181832,and the genes affecting cattle health were MYLK,LOC106502650,LOC102170952,PRUNE2 and CHMP1 B.Combined with SNP selection signals,this study obtained a total of 8 genes,including SP1,TAF3,COL14A1,NNT,CNTNAP2,RHOBTB2,MYLK,and CHMP1 B,which were not only related to lactation,meat quality and health traits,but also involved in multiple disease resistance,metabolic pathways,and innate immune signaling pathways.