| In order to screen out the best ratio of grass and legume forage suitable for mixed sowing in the Sanjiangyuan area,this experiment was conducted with the following materials: Green Sweet 1 Avena sativa,Gannon 2 Triticale,West Shepherd 333 A Vicia sativa,and Qingjian 1 Pisum sativa.The results of this experiment were as follows: seven mixed sowing ratios and single sowing control treatments were set up to study the forage production performance,forage quality and soil nutrient changes under different mixed sowing combinations and mixing ratios.1.There was no significant difference(P>0.05)in yield between the two Avena sativa + legume mixes compared with the single-sown Avena sativa treatment,and the forage quality was much higher than that of the single-sown Avena sativas.The yield of the two Triticale+legume combinations was higher than that of the monosown rye,and the crude protein and crude fat content were also better than that of the monosown rye,and the forage quality was not significantly different from that of the monosown legume forage(P>0.05).2.With the increase of legume forage ratio,the height of grass forage in Avena sativas+legume forage gradually increased and legume forage gradually decreased in different blending ratios,compared with single sowing treatment,the height of Avena sativas in blended grass decreased than single sowing,but the yield did not change significantly,the crude protein content gradually increased,the content of total potassium and organic carbon in blended grass soil increased with the increase of legume forage content.Under different rye+legume forage mixes,the fresh and hay yield of each mix treatment group was higher than that of single-sown legume forage,and the NDF and ADF contents of mix forage were higher than that of single-sown legume forage,and the total potassium and organic carbon contents of soil nutrients increased with the increase of legume forage content.3.The highest hay yield of Avena sativas + arrow end pea combination was66.74% higher than that of single sown arrow end pea,crude protein and crude fat content were higher than that of single sown Avena sativas,and the highest hay yield of 11,173.11 kg/hm2 was 109.05% higher than that of single sown Pisum sativa in the mixed combination of Avena sativas + Pisum sativa,and crude protein of mixed forage was higher than that of single sown Avena sativas 0.67%~7.85% and crude fat content was 0.06%~3.1% higher than that of monosown Avena sativas.The maximum hay yield of the combination of Triticale + arrow end pea was 20.14% higher than that of monosown Triticale and 128.27% higher than that of monosown arrow end pea,and the maximum hay yield of Triticale + Pisum sativa was 46.43% higher than that of monosown Triticale and 204.33% higher than that of monosown Pisum sativa.4.The comprehensive evaluation results showed that the best mixing ratios of the two mixed combinations at high altitude were Avena sativas + Vicia sativa(7:3),Avena sativas + Pisum sativas(6:4),Triticale + Vicia sativa(7:3)and Triticale +Pisum sativas(5:5)with the highest forage yield and quality,which were suitable for planting in alpine areas.5.The results of economic efficiency evaluation showed that the highest net income of Avena sativas + arrow end pea treatment was 7176.05 Yuan/hm2 higher than that of single sown arrow end pea treatment,the highest net income of Avena sativas + Pisum sativa treatment was 5111.47 Yuan/hm2 higher than that of single sown Avena sativas treatment,and 12104.09 Yuan/hm2 higher than that of single sown arrow end pea treatment.the highest net income of Triticale + arrow end pea combination was 22668.90 Yuan/hm2 higher than that of single sown Triticale treatment,and 23168.73 Yuan/hm2 higher than that of single sown arrow end pea treatment.The highest net income of the combination of Triticale + Vicia sativa was higher than that of the single-sown Triticale treatment by RMB 22,668.90/hm2,and higher than that of the single-sown Vicia sativa treatment by RMB 23,168.73/hm2,while the highest net income of the combination of Triticale + Pisum sativa was higher than that of the single-sown Triticale treatment by RMB 22,423.48/hm2,and higher than that of the single-sown Pisum sativa treatment by RMB 22,121.08/hm2.In summary,in the mixed planting trials conducted in alpine areas,the ratios of Avena sativas + Vicia sativa(7:3),Avena sativas + Pisum sativa(6:4),Triticale +Vicia sativa(7:3)and Triticale + Pisum sativa(5:5)mixed sowing had greater improvement in forage production performance,nutritional quality and soil nutrients as well as economic benefits compared with other treatments,which alleviated the status quo of overloading of natural grassland and had positive guiding significance for improving the serious grass-livestock conflicts among herders. |
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