Change Of Tannin Content In The Leaves And Branches Of Gallnut Plants,Effect Of Tannin On Antioxidant Capacity And Intestinal Development Of Apis Mellifera L.

Tannin(TA)has the functions of promoting growth,and improving the antioxidant capacity and immunity of animals.The tannin content of gallnut plants is abundant.Gallnuts are formed when aphids stimulate leaf wings,and the tannin content of gallnuts reaches 60% to 80%.The nectar and pollen of gallnut nectar plants collected by honeybees contain tannin.But there are no reports about the effects of other stimulis on tannin content of gallnut plants and tannin on physiological function of honeybee.This paper firstly studies the change of tannin content in the leaves and branches of the treated groups(wild gallnut plants: de-tiped,de-branched and untreated;artificially planted gallnut plants: hung aphids and untreated)under different growing period,and Apis mellifera is the experimental animal,which are randomly divided into four experimental groups: control group and TA1 group(0.20 mg/g),TA2 group(0.80 mg/g)and TA3 group(1.40 mg/g),the effects of different tannin levels on the growth performance,antioxidant capacity,and intestinal development of honeybees is studied.The optimal utilization part and harvest timing of gallnut plants as tannin-rich materials and the physiological effects of tannin on honeybee are evaluated,which provide scientific parameters for the development and utilization of gallnut plant as a feed materials.The main results are as follows:1.The tannin content in various parts of gallnut plants had no obvious time fluctuation,and the tannin content in the leaves was relatively high(1)The tannin content in the leaves and branches of gallnut plants had no obvious time fluctuation.The tannin content in the leaves of untreated and aphid-treated artificially planted gallnut plants and detiped wild gallnut plants in July was significantly higher than that in May(P < 0.05),the tannin content in the leaves of the other two treatment groups had no significant difference under four growing periods(May,June,July,September)(P>0.05);the tannin content in the branches of untreated artificially planted gallnut plants in May was significantly lower than that in June,July and September(P < 0.05),the tannin content in the branches of the other four treatment groups had no significant difference under four growing periods(P>0.05).(2)The tannin content in the leaves and branches of the wild gallnut plants was significantly higher than those of the artificially planted gallnut plants under growing periods(P<0.05).(3)The average content of tannin in the leaves of the wild gallnut plants was the highest,which was 11.74%,which was significantly higher than that in the branches and leaves and branches of artificially planted gallnut plants(P<0.05).2.Tannin can promote the growth and development and antioxidant capacity of larvae of Apis melliferaLarval stage: the pupation rate of larvae of Apis mellifera in the high dose TA3 group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P < 0.05).The protein concentration of body tissue in the TA2 group of 5 days larvae and in the TA3 group of 6days larvae was significantly higher than those in the the control group(P<0.05).The malondialdehyde content in the TA2 group was significantly lower than that in the control group at 4 days larvae(P<0.05),and the immune active enzymes(phosphatase,arginase)and superoxide dismutase in the TA3 group was significantly higher than that in the control group at 5 days larvae(P<0.05),and when the larvae were 4 and 6 days,the catalase activity in the TA2 group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05).Adult honeybee stage: tannin had no significant effect on the activities of antioxidant enzymes(superoxide dismutase,catalase),phosphatase and malondialdehyde content and intestinal development of worker bees(P>0.05).In summary,the tannin content in the leaves and branches of gallnut plants had no obvious time fluctuation under different growing periods,and the wild gullnut plants were higher than that in the artificially planted gullnut plants,and the tannin content in the leaves was higher than that in the branches.Tannin promoted the growth development and improved antioxidant capacity of larvae of Apis mellifera.