| Antibiotics have contributed to the development of animal husbandry,but with the development of industry and technology,the problems of antibiotics are mainly to enhance the drug resistance of pathogens,cause antibiotic residues,damage animal immune function,and damage the microbial environment.Chinese herbal medicine is the best substitute for antibiotics,natural non-toxic,licorice is one of them.Licorice flavonoids in licorice have antibacterial,anti-viral,anti-inflammatory and other effects,have a certain effect on promoting animal growth,and have broad prospects and great application potential.In the industrial production of licorice,a large number of licorice residues will be left after extraction.Because glycyrrhizic acid,glycyrrhetinic acid and licorice extract are easily soluble in water,and licorice flavonoids are soluble in organic solvents,most of the licorice flavonoids in the residue are not extracted,resulting in a huge waste.Micro-cut-aid interaction technology(Press-shear Assisted Interaction,PAI)is the intellectual property right owned by the ABTNL research group.This technology can break the plant cell wall and part of the organelles and release the active components sealed by the cell walls and organelles,so it can greatly improve the release and solubility of active substances and low cost.The purpose of this paper is to use micro-cut-aid interaction technology to pre-treat licorice residue to determine the best extraction scheme,and to investigate the antibacterial and antioxidant activity of total flavonoids from licorice residue in vitro by inhibiting Escherichia coli and Salmonella and scavenging diphenylhydrazine DPPH free radicals in vitro.The colonic weight gain rate,interleukin-6(IL-6),interleukin-10(IL-10),interleukin-1β(IL-1β),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF--α),superoxide dismutase(SOD),malondialdehyde(MAD)and catalase(CAT)in mice were measured to investigate the effects of crude flavonoids from licorice residue on the growth and immune regulation of mice.The specific results are as follows:(1)Liquorice residue with 2% silica fertilizer of liquorice residue after pretreatment,extraction yield of total flavonoids increased 0.56 times,again after further optimization of the ultrasonic assisted extraction,extraction yield of total flavonoids of liquorice residue increased 1.23 times,the final optimized slag licorice flavonoids extraction yield was 1.222%,the best extraction technology conditions for:Ultrasonic assisted extraction with 40 k Hz,power 150 W,ethanol concentration 65 %,solid-liquid ratio 1:15,extraction time 75 min,extraction temperature 60℃.(2)The minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC)of total flavonoids from licorice residue against Escherichia coli and Salmonella were 15.6 μg/m L and 500 μg/m L,respectively,and the diameters of inhibitory circles were 11.3 mm and 9.1 mm,respectively.When the total flavonoids concentration of licorice residue was 200μg/m L,the inhibition rate of DPPH was the highest,83.80%.(3)After 6 weeks of experiment,200 μg/g of total flavonoids from licorice residue was given intragastrally every other day,the total flavonoids from licorice residue had no significant effect on body weight of mice,but decreased serum IL-6(11.90 pg/m L lower in female mice than in control group,In male rats,il-1 β(4.70pg/m L in female rats,5.08 pg/m L in male rats)and TNF-α(18.75 pg/m L in female rats,18.75 pg/m L in female rats,18.75 pg/m L in female rats.In male rats,24.05pg/m L lower than that in control group)and il-10 increased(15.11 pg/m L higher than that in female rats and 14.59 pg/m L higher than that in male rats).The level of MDA in intestinal tissue was decreased by 0.86 nmol/m L in female mice and 1.06 nmol/m L in male mice compared with control group.The SOD content of female rats in the experimental group was 16.42 U/ Mg Prot higher than that of control group,and that of male rats in the experimental group was 19.26 U/ mg Prot higher than that of control group.CAT content in the experimental group was 1.49 U/ Mgprot higher than that in the control group.In conclusion,microcutting assisted interaction technology can effectively improve the extraction rate of total flavonoids from licorice residue after pre-treatment,with low cost and high economic benefit,and has the potential to be applied to the production in reality.The total flavonoids of glycyrrhiza glycyrrhiza residue have certain antibacterial,antioxidant and immune factor regulation ability,and have the potential to be applied in livestock and poultry production,disease prevention and disease resistance,providing certain theoretical basis for subsequent application. |
