| Saposhnikovia divaricata（Turcz.）Schischk is a famous genuine herb that commonly called”Guanfangfeng’in Northeast China.Its major production areas of*wild resources is located at the junction of Inner Mongolia and Liaoning,Jilin and Heilongjiang provinceswhere places with grassland,hills and gravel hillside.The genuine distribution area of S.divaricata is just located in the agro-pasture ecotone where the ecological environment is frail in Northeast China.It is important components of regional ecological civilization construction for returning farmland to forests and grasslands and shelter forest construction To solve the contradiction between ecological protection and economic development is the inevitable requirement to better promote ecological construction and realize green development.Therefore,in this paper,the ecological planting mode of genuine herb in the intercropping of shelterbelt was studied in Baicheng,Jilin Province.In this study,2 and 3-year-old S.divaricata was used as experimental material,cultivated in bare land as control,field observation was carried out through inter-row fixed-point experiment.The effects of different intercropping conditions（Poplar/Pinus sylvestris var.mongholica-S.divaricata）and different positions（east,middle and west）on the growth characters,yield,quality,inorganic element content of root and rhizosphere soil nutrients were studied.At the same time,the classification of S.divaricata commodity specifications and grade qualified rate were evaluated to provide a theoretical basis for the establishment of ecological planting model and popularization and application of plantation-medicine intercropping of S.divaricata.The main results are as follows:1.The effects of different concentrations of poplar L.and P.sylvestris L.var.mongholica Litv.leaf extract on the germination of S.divaricata seeds were studied.The results showed that the poplar leaf extract at high concentration(80 g·L-1)and P.sylvestris L.var.mongholica leaf extract at medium and high concentrations(50 g·L-1,80 g·L-1)had a significant inhibitory effect on the germination of S.divaricata seeds,and the germination rates were 36%,30%and 18%,respectively.After the forest leaves were soaked in rain,the concentration in the soil was lower than that of the extract.It was considered that S.divaricata could be intercropped with poplar and P.sylvestris L.var.mongholica Litv.2.The growth characters and medicinal material yield of intercropping S.divaricata were lower than or equal to that of bare land cultivation.The intercropping mode of P.sylvestrisvar.mongholica and S.divaricata had little effect on the growth of S.divaricata,but the yield was18.44%lower than that of poplar intercropping S.divaricata.With the increase of growth years,the yield gap between intercropping S.divaricata and naked cultivation S.divaricata gradually narrowed.The yield of medicinal materials in poplar L.and Pinus sylvestris L.var.mongholica Litv.With 3-year-old S.divaricata intercropping reached 74.00%and 57.62%respectively.3.Under different planting modes,the content of main pharmacodynamic components of intercropping S.divaricata was the lowest 0.32%and the highest 0.47%,both exceeding the standard of<Pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China>（0.24%）,and there was no significant difference between intercropping and bare cultivation.With the increase of growth years,the contents of the main pharmacodynamic components of S.divaricata（the sum of the contents of Prim-O-glucosylcimifugin and 5-O-methylvisamminol）and the contents of fourcchromogens（prim-O-glucosylcimifugin,cimifugin,5-O-methylvisamminol,sec-O-lucosylha maudol）showed a significant upward trend,with the maximum increase of 45.82%and 45.48%respectively.4.Referring to the commodity specification standards of wild and cultivated medicinal materials,the analysis shows that the commodity specification of medicinal materials of S.divaricata in each planting mode is closer to the wild,in which the average 66.34%and 66.81%of poplar L.intercropping 2 and 3-year-old S.divaricata are wild specifications;the average of67.87%of the 3-year-old S.divaricata intercropped with P.sylvestris L.var.mongholica Litv.was wild.With the increase of growth years,the S.divaricata root gradually meets the requirements of first-class and second-class products for its diameter,and the qualification rate of each grade is significantly improved.5.The plantation-medicine intercropping model can effectively improve the physical and chemical properties of soil and enhance the rhizosphere soil fertility of S.divaricata.The electrical conductivity,organic matter,alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen and available phosphorus contents of rhizosphere soil of 2-year-old poplar L.-S.divaricata intercropping were significantly higher than those of bare land by 17.33%,17.88%,52.11%and 63.37%,respectively.There was no significant difference among different types.Except alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen,the content of other soil nutrients increased with the increase of S.divaricatak growth years,but the increase was less than that of bare land.Under the condition of P.sylvestris L.var.mongholica Litv.-S.divaricata intercropping,the increase of organic matter content was the most significant,which increased by 23.16%compared with bare land.Correlation analysis showed that the pharmacodynamic components of S.divaricata and other indicators promoted and restricted each other,made a synergistic response to the plantation-medicine intercropping environment and jointly maintained plant growth.6.The contents of six inorganic elements in S.divaricata root varied significantly due to different planting modes and growth years,but the overall content showed a certain regularity,that is,the content of Ca was the highest,followed by Mg,Fe,Mn and Zn,and the content of Cu was the lowest.The enrichment ability of S.divaricata to Mn and Fe was significantly improved due to intercropping.Under the conditions of poplar L.-S.divaricata and Pinus sylvestris L.var.mongholica Litv.-S.divaricata intercropping,the enrichment coefficients of S.divaricata to Mn and Fe were up to 4.81,3.29,2.85 and 2.02.The biosynthesis and biomass accumulation of inorganic elements and the main pharmacodynamic components of S.divaricata showed coordination or inhibition,especially the inhibition was the most significant.The ecological mechanism of these results needs to be further studied. |
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