| Non-drugs fishery inputs are the main products used to prevent and treat aquaculture diseases in aquaculture production in China.Their quality and safety are very important to the safety of aquaculture products and their environment.However,due to the wide variety of products,uneven quality and no unified production standards of non-drugs fishery inputs,the component identification of many products is unclear,which makes it difficult for aquaculture users to select appropriate products through identification.In addition,in order to make the efficacy of their products obvious and achieve the purpose of pursuing profits,some manufacturers often add unlabeled component in non-drugs fishery inputs in violation of regulations,resulting in unqualified aquaculture aquatic products due to excessive drug residues.At the same time,it also brings certain risks to the aquaculture ecological environment.In order to further understand the current quality and safety status of non-drugs fishery inputs,and grasp the impact of non-drugs fishery inputs on aquaculture products and environment in actual aquaculture production.In this paper,high resolution mass spectrometry is used to screen and analyze various non-drugs fishery inputs,aquaculture water and pesticide and veterinary drugs in sediment being used in aquaculture farms in Shanghai,evaluate the impact of pesticide and veterinary drug residues on the quality and safety of aquaculture aquatic products and aquaculture environment,and select typical non-drugs fishery inputs containing stealth drugs to pass the aquaculture test,To study the impact of non-drugs fishery inputs and their unlabeled component on aquaculture.The specific research results are as follows:（1）Screening and evaluation of unlabeled component in common non-drugs fishery inputsHigh resolution mass spectrometry screening technology was used to screen and analyze the unlabeled drug components of fishery non-drugs in aquaculture farms,fishery drug stores and network platforms in Shanghai.The results showed that among 300fishery non-drugs samples,104 samples screened 189 unlabeled drug components and 15drug components,and the total screening rate was 34.7%.According to the source of screened drug samples,the detection rate of samples collected by fishery drug stores is relatively the lowest,22.5%,followed by aquaculture farms,25.3%,and network platforms is the highest,72.6%.According to the properties of the screened drugs,there are 6 kinds of pesticides in the 15 kinds of drug components,including prometrazine,simetryne,simazine,carbendazim,trichlorfon and ethoxyquin;8 kinds of veterinary drugs,including enrofloxacin,mequindox,erythromycin,gatifloxacin,florfenicol,sulfadiazine,ciprofloxacin and trimethoprim;and 1 kind of discontinued drug,pefloxacin.According to the types of drugs screened in the samples,of the 104 samples containing unlabeled component,57 screened out a single drug,47 screened out 2 and more drugs,25 screened out 3 and more drugs,9 screened out 4 and more drugs,3 screened out 5 and more drugs,and 2 screened out 6 drugs.The content distribution of the screened drug showed that 61.9%of the drug content more than 100μg·kg-1,up to 1.09 g·kg-1.（2）Pollution characteristics and risk assessment of pesticide and veterinary drugs in the trinity of"non-drugs fishery inputs-water-sediment"The residues of pesticides and veterinary drugs in aquaculture water,sediment and non-drugs fishery inputs in Shanghai were analyzed by ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography electrostatic field orbital ion trap mass spectrometry,the risk quotient（RQ）method was used to evaluate the ecological risk of the screening results.The results showed that a total of 13 drugs were screened from 180 samples（27 water,43 sediment and 110 inputs）from 27 farms,including 9 veterinary drugs:amantadine,diazepam,enrofloxacin,florfenicol,gatifloxacin,trimethoprim,avermectin B1a,erythromycin and pefloxacin;4 kinds of pesticides:carbendazim,prometrazine,simetryne and ethoxyquin.9 kinds of 70 drugs were screened from the water,6 kinds of 93 drugs were screened from the sediment,and 7 kinds of 37 drugs were screened from the input.Carbendazim,enrofloxacin and trimethoprim were all present in the three kinds of samples.The concentration range of drugs screened from water,sediment and non-drugs fishery inputs is 0.006-1.88μg·L-1、1.47-292.08μg·kg-1、9.68-139436.62μg·kg-1。The results of risk quotient value evaluation show that pesticides and veterinary drugs in the water and sediment samples of aquaculture farms have a certain degree of medium and high risk.Among them,prometrazine in the water has the highest ecological risk,RQ value is 3.14,and erythromycin in the sediment has the highest ecological risk,RQ value is 2.22.Both RQ values are greater than 1,indicating high risk.（3）Effects of typical non-drugs fishery inputs and three unlabeled component on Litopenaeus vannamei cultureSimulating the actual production mode,sprinkling and mixed feeding were adopted,and a total of 7 groups were set up:high dose group,normal dose group and control group.The drug was administered continuously for 5 days and the test cycle was 35 days.The results showed that there was no significant difference in the weight gain rate,specific growth rate and mortality of Litopenaeus vannamei（P>0.05）,and the normal dose group had obvious growth promoting effect（P<0.05）,which could effectively improve the survival rate of Litopenaeus vannamei（93.33%）.The contents of p H and nitrite in the high dose group were significantly higher than those in other experimental groups（P<0.05）,and their values were 8.0 and 0.292 mg·L-1 respectively,but the dissolved oxygen was significantly lower than that in the control group（P<0.05）.After continuous administration of enrofloxacin,erythromycin and trimethoprim for 5 days,the contents of enrofloxacin,erythromycin and trimethoprim in shrimp were 185.03 respectivelyμg·kg-1、262.68μg·kg-1、1035.36μg·kg-1,which exceeded the current maximum residue limit（MRL）.After withdrawal,the contents of the three drugs decreased below MRL on the 3rd,3rd and 21st day respectively,and were 10.65 on the 30th day respectivelyμg·kg-1,9.49μg·kg-1、27.69μg·kg-1,three drugs can be detected in the water of the high dose group,and the contents are 0.131,3.398 and 0.167μg·L-1,but only erythromycin was detected in the normal dose group,and its content was 0.216μg·L-1。These results show that the scientific use of non-drugs fishery inputs can effectively improve the water quality,promote the growth of shrimp and improve the survival rate;However,the use of non-drugs fishery inputs containing unlabeled component is easy to lead to excessive drug residues in organisms and the risk of aquaculture ecological pollution. |
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