As a large ocean fishery country in the world,the Atlantic Ocean Fishery,especially the Atlantic bigeye tuna fishery,accounts for a large proportion of China’s marine economy.According to statistics,the total annual output of large tuna tuna from all parties,partners and fishing entities in the Atlantic sea area is 2655001 t,of which the total output of Japan is the first,reaching 613432 t.China’s Taiwan ranks second 189538 t,Spain 349870 t,Portugal 133281 t,France 157194 t,Garner 176479 t,120181t of Mainland China,less than 1/5 of Japan’s total output.Atlantic bigeye tuna is an important economic fish species operating in the Atlantic Ocean.In 2019,China caught Longfin tuna,bluefin tuna,bigeye tuna,yellowfin tuna,swordfish,bluemarlin,white four fin swordfish,American swordfish,saw phosphorus four fin swordfish and other fish in the Atlantic,with catches of 261 t,89t,5718 t,321t,303 t,46t,3T 20 t,2T and 70 t,including 5718 t of bigeye tuna,accounting for 84% of the total catch of 6833 t in 2019,and the total catch of other nine species accounted for 16% of the total Atlantic fish production in 2019.With the continuous development of modern science and technology,the marine fishing capacity of various countries is gradually enhanced,and the pressure of marine fishing is also increased,which leads to the problems of overfishing in the Atlantic,the continuous decline of fishery resources and the depletion of marine fishery resources.In recent years,the Atlantic Ocean has also introduced a variety of measures to maintain the sustainable development of the fishing industry in its waters.The International Commission for the conservation of Atlantic tuna has determined the annual total allowable catch of bigeye tuna according to the basic principles such as the historical average catch from 1991 to 1992,put forward a series of control measures paying attention to the total amount of marine catch,and implemented the fishing quota system.Fishing quota system is a system mainly advocated by the international fisheries management organization in recent years for the conservation and management of fishery resources.It is also a management means to control the output of catch,that is,a system to limit the catch.The implementation of the fishing quota system requires a variety of solid systematic work,such as fish stock resource assessment,monitoring and statistics of historical catch data,port catch statistics,etc.Fishing quota system is the general trend of the protection of fishery resources in the world.It also provides new directions,new paths and new measures for countries,especially for the protection of fishery resources in China.This paper focuses on the in-depth exploration of the background and theoretical basis of the fishing quota system.On the basis of previous studies,this paper leads to the concept of the fishing quota system,and focuses on the value and significance of the Atlantic bigeye tuna fishing quota system.On this basis,it briefly summarizes the development process of ICCAT organization The background of the introduction of Atlantic tuna resource quota allocation standard,discusses the historical allocation standard,current allocation standard and current allocation system of ICCAT fishery quota system,summarizes the implementation of its current quota standard,excavates the problems existing in the existing line fishing quota system,and combs the standards of quota allocation Select the recommendations,resolutions and other decisions issued by the International Commission for the conservation of the Atlantic over the years related to the bigeye tuna quota system,analyze the actual catch,quota system and performance of China’s bigeye tuna,and dig out four core contents of the development of the fishing quota system: the average catch of fishing vessels from 1991 to 1992 Those who have not fully developed the quota may transfer the part not exceeding 15% of their total quota by themselves after authorization by the Committee.If overfishing occurs in two consecutive management periods,they will face punishment measures and the annual quota of fishing will be adjusted to the next year.Then it systematically combs the changes of ICCAT bigeye tuna fishing quota system.Based on the translation and analysis of ICCAT’s suggestions,resolutions and other resolutions on bigeye tuna over the years,it comprehensively considers the continuity of conservation and management time and the multifaceted dimensions of bigeye tuna,The organization’s bigeye tuna fishing quota system is divided into four stages:(I)the embryonic stage of the fishing quota system,(II)exploratory management stage,(III)multi-year conservation stage,(IV)temporary quota reduction stage.Based on the existing problems,corresponding suggestions are put forward.Finally,this study discusses the implementation of ICCAT fishing quota system in China,extends the relevant research on ICCAT bigeye tuna fishing quota system to China’s pelagic fishery Atlantic bigeye tuna fishery itself,and then puts forward corresponding enlightenment and suggestions in combination with China’s actual situation:(1)China has actively participated in the negotiation of the quota system,(2)increased the ability of China’s administrative departments to participate in international fishery consultation and negotiation,(3)strengthened China’s ability to perform in the Atlantic tuna fishery. |