Differences In Growth Performance,Nutrient Digestion And Rumen Microorganisms Between Water Buffalo And Holstein Cattle In Guangxi Area

This paper takes the calf stage water buffalo bull and Holstein bull as the research object,from the calf stage to the growth stage,the growth performance,blood biochemical immune index,diarrhea rate,rumen fermentation parameters,rumen microflora and feed apparent digestibility of calves and dairy cattles were studied from calf stage to growth stage.To provide a theoretical basis and reference for the growth of water buffaloes and dairy cattles in Guangxi.The conclusions of this study are as follows:Through the study on the growth performance,blood biochemical immune index,diarrhea rate,rumen fermentation parameters and rumen microflora of 15 water buffalo and 15 cattle calves in calf stage for 80 days,,we can see that in the calf stage,there is no significant difference between water buffalo calves and dairy calves before weaning,except that the feed-weight ratio of water buffalo group is higher than that of dairy group(P<0.05).After weaning,there were significant differences between the two groups in daily gain and open feed dry matter intake(P<0.05),and in oat grass dry matter intake and feed-weight ratio between water buffalo group and water buffalo group,and there was significant difference between water buffalo group and water buffalo group in dry matter intake and feed-weight ratio.In the whole period,there was a significant difference in dry matter intake between water buffalo group and dairy group,and the dry matter intake of oat grass in water buffalo group was higher than that in water buffalo group,and the dry matter intake of oat grass in water buffalo group was higher than that in water buffalo group.In the early growth stage,there were considerable differences in dry matter intake,daily gain and feed weight ratio between the two groups,and there were significant differences in dry matter intake,daily gain and feed weight ratio between the two groups.Dry matter intake and daily gain of the cattle group were significantly higher than those of the water buffalo group.The ratio of feed to weight in cattle group was lower than that in water buffalo group and the difference was significant.In terms of feed conversion rate,the apparent digestibility of NDF and ADF in water buffalo group was higher than that in cattle group,and the crude protein and feed dry matter conversion rate in cattle group was higher than that in water buffalo group,which was related to the growth habits of cattle and water buffalo and their dominant rumen microflora.In terms of body size index,from the entire period of the experiment,the tube circumference of the water buffalo group was higher than that of the cattle group,which was related to the living environment of the water buffalo.Except for the chest circumference index,all the indexes of the cattle group were higher than those of the water buffalo group at the end of the experiment and the difference was significant.In terms of diarrhea rate and fecal indicators,there was no significant difference in diarrhea rate between cattle group and water buffalo group in the weaning stage,and the period of high diarrhea rate was mainly concentrated in the weaning stage,and there was a stage in which liquid changed into solid feed,in which the diarrhea rate of water buffalo group reached 15.46%.There was no significant difference in fecal scores between the cattle group and the water buffalo group according to the Wisconsin University calf Health score scale,both of which were between 2 and 3,and the cattle group had a stool score of 1 in the last week.In terms of blood biochemical indexes,there was no significant difference between water buffalo and dairy cattles,in which the ratio of albumin and globulin in water buffalo group was higher than that in water buffalo group,while glutamine pelvic transaminase and glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase in water buffalo group were lower than those in water buffalo group,and the difference was significant.At the end of the experiment,the blood IgG index of water buffalo group was greater than of dairy water buffalo group.There were considerable differences in rumen fermentation parameters and rumen microbial indexes.Platonic acid and valeric acid were the main volatile fatty acids in the rumen of dairy cattles,and acetic acid and isocyanate fatty acids were the main volatile fatty acids in the rumen of water buffalo.At the same time,the corresponding rumen microflora is also different.Diversity analysis of rumen bacteria between the two groups showed that there were significant differences in species observation index(observed species),Shannon and Simpson(P<0.01).Main dominant bacteria of rumen microorganisms in cattle group and water buffalo group were Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes.The abundance of actinomycetes Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes in cattle group was higher than that in water buffalo group,while the abundance of actinomycetes in water buffalo group was higher than that in water buffalo group.In terms of genus level,the dominant common bacteria in cattle group and water buffalo group were Prevotella and succinic acid bacteria Succiniclasticum,.Prevotella in cattle group was higher than that in water buffalo group.In other dominant bacteria,the prevailing bacteria of dairy cattle group are those related with starch fermentation bacteria,while the dominate bacteria in water buffalo are those related with fiber degradation.In the growth stage,there were also differences in rumen microflora between the two groups when fed with the same kind of mixed silage.At the phylum level,the dominant common bacteria in water buffalo group and dairy group were Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes,but there was no significant difference between them.The dominant bacteria in the cattle group was Proteus Proteobacteria,which was significantly different from that in the water buffalo group.The Fibrobacteres and Planctomycetes of the rumen microorganisms in the water buffalo group were higher than those in the cattle group,and the abundance of other rumen bacteria in the water buffalo group was significantly higher than that in the cattle group.At the genus level,the dominant common bacteria in water buffalo group and dairy cattle group were Prevosiella,Succiniclasticum,Ruminobacter and Ruminococcus.The difference in Prevobacter in cattle group was markedly higher than that in water buffalo group,while that in succinate bacteria group was lower than that in water buffalo group and extremely significant,while there was no significant difference between rumen bacilli Ruminobacter and rumen cocci Ruminococcus.The abundance of Oscillospira and Vibrio bacteria of water buffalo group was significantly higher than that of cattle group,and the abundance of other microflora in rumen of water buffalo group was also higher than that of cattle group.Depending on the above results,it was concluded that there were differences in growth performance,rumen fermentation parameters and rumen microflora between water buffalo and dairy cattle,and the differences were mainly concentrated in rumen microflora.The rumen bacteria of dairy cattle mainly use starch as a fermentation substrate,while the rumen microorganisms of water buffalo are mainly belong to fiber degradation bacteria.The difference of rumen microflora of water buffalo and dairy cattle at calving stage and growth stage lead to different rumen volatile fatty acids,which lead to difference of nutrients metabolism pathways,and finally leads to differences in growth performance.Results showed fiber degradation bacteria was the domiant bacteria in rumen of water water buffalo,while most of the rumen microflora of dairy cattle were mainly dominanted by carbohydrates and protein degradation bacteria.