Anti-heat Immunity Protection And Intestinal Microbial Diversity Regulation Mechanism Of Dairy Cattle By Adlay Supplementation With Two Stage

Dairy industry was threaten by heat stress,diet supplementary of dairy cattle plays an important role to relieve heat stress in terms of quickly and validly factors,although thernoterance breed is long regime to face heat stress.Adlay has high nutritional value and a variety of medicinal components,it contains the functions involved anti-inflammatory and antioxidant,which can enhance immunity and anti-heat stress of animal at summer.Thus,it has investigated dairy diet fomular in terms of adlay roughage,compared to silage and afalfa in this experiment.Experiments have been tested between 2018 to 2020 at Chong Qing to identify production,Immunoglobulin,cytokine,and gut microbiota,acidosis was invaluated by gas analysis,milk production as well.The results are as below:1.Meteorological data showed,average temperature is 23.9 ℃,average humidity is 85.7%,THI is 75.7 as well.2.Production of adlay group is greater than the control group(P < 0.01),but the feed intake is no significant difference on opposite(P > 0.05)at summary;Parameters involved milk yield and milk peak are higher than control group(P < 0.05),but somatic cell count is lower than the control group(P < 0.05).3.Blood gas analysis results show that the adlay grass group of partial pressure of oxygen partial pressure,carbon dioxide,sodium and chloride ions,glucose,lactic acid,anion gap are significantly lower than those of control group(P < 0.01),but adlay grass group blood pH,total quantity of residual alkali,carbon dioxide,and potassium bicarbonate ions and blood carbon monoxide content is significantly higher than control group(P < 0.01).4.Cells in blood in white blood cell of adlay group are significantly higher than that of control group(P < 0.01),such as monocytes,lymphocytes,eosinophils,neutrophils and eosinophils.while the variation coefficient of red blood cells of adlay group was significantly higher than that of control group(P < 0.01).5.Immunoglobulin and cytokine detection showed that the IgM,IL-2 and proinflammatory cytokine IL-6 in adlay group are significantly higher than those in the control group(P < 0.01),but IL-2 were significantly higher than that in the control group(P < 0.01).6.Gut microbiome analysis showed that the OTU of adlay group was higher than that of the control group.And the diversity and richness of microorganisms in adlay group is higher than that of the control group.The dominant bacteria in both groups are Firmicutes and Bacteroidata,and the dominant bacteria genera in cattle breeding were UCG-005,Rikenellaceae RC9 Gut Group,Unclassified f Lachnospiraceae and Treponema.Prevalellaceae UCG-004,Norank f P-2534-18B5 gut group,Norank f norank O Bacteroidales,Akkermansia,dgA-11 Gut Group and Norank f F082 in adlay group were significantly higher than those in control group(P<0.05).The Bifidobacterium in adlay group is significantly lower than that in control group(P<0.05).There were significant differences in microbial community composition between the two groups.Conclusions: With mild heat stress(THI=75)in Yun Yang of Chong Qing pasture in summer,the growth of mature cattle can grow well while the performance was got by dairy cows with the formulation of adlay as forage.It was found white blood cells was less,IL-2 and immunoglobulin IgM was increased but pro-inflammatory factor IL-6 decreased.The richness and diversity of the microbiome in the adlay group are higher than those in the control group by α diversity analysis,and the diversity coverage of the two groups had reached a high level.At the phylum level,the dominant microorganisms in both adlay group and control group were Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes,while at the genus level,the dominant microorganisms were UCG-005,RC9 gut group,Trichodermitidae and Treponema.There are significant differences in microbial community composition between the two groups,the number of Preverobacteriaceae UCG-004,Norank f p-2534-18B5 Gut Group,Bacteroidetes,Akkermansia,dgA-11 Gut Group and Norank f F082 in adlay group was significantly higher than those in control group(P<0.05),but the number of Bifidobacteria in Lacrylacryobi group was significantly lower than that in control group(P<0.05).Meanwhile,adlay grass did not cause acidosis in dairy cattle.In conclusion,the formulation of adlay can promote the performance,enhance the immunity,increase the diversity of intestinal microorganism,and resist heat stress of dairy cows.