| The 18 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China put forward the ruling concept of “Beautiful China” for the first time,and formally clarified the strategic decision of “vigorously promoting the construction of ecological civilization”.Since then,the construction of China’s ecological civilization has entered a stage of rapid development,and the protection and restoration of the ecosystem is an important task in the construction process.The Fifth Plenary Session of the 19 th Central Committee proposed that “scientifically carrying out ecosystem assessment” is an important way to achieve tasks of ecological protection and restoration.As the core carrier of ecological protection in China,nature reserves are regarded as the key objects of ecosystem assessment.As an important component of the nature reserve system,the forest park has rich ecological,economic,cultural and other service functions.Large-scale tourism development and construction have been carried out to make more damaged or destroyed than the protection imposed on the forest park,resulting in the status of damage to ecological environment.Therefore,China has implemented a series of the forest park ecological restoration projects in recent years.At present,the evaluation studies on the effect of ecological restoration have been carried out in China,which is based on rivers,mines and highway slopes,forming a systematic evaluation index system.However,there are few studies on the evaluation of the effect of restoration of degraded forest ecosystem,and the research on the evaluation of the effect of ecological restoration of forest parks with forest landscape as the main background is still vacant.Based on the background of “Building Beautiful China” and the research status of ecological restoration effect evaluation,this study takes the forest park as the evaluation object to conducts ecological restoration effect evaluation research.The results are as follows:First,build the evaluation system of ecological restoration effect.This article follows the principles of scientific,objective,systematic,representative,readily available and operational,qualitative and quantitative.By consulting and referencing related documents on the health evaluation of degraded or damaged forest ecosystem and evaluation of ecological restoration effect,combined with the characteristics of the forest park,this paper constructs the evaluation system of ecological restoration effect for Forest Park.The system consists of target layer,criterion layer,primary index layer and secondary index layer.The criterion layer is composed of plant community composition structure,plant community activity,plant community stability and soil environmental characteristics.The primary index layer is composed of 8 parts: plant community structure characteristics,quantitative characteristics,renewal potential,soil physical and chemical properties,microbial community,and then 36 measurable indexes are gradually selected to form the second index layer.Second,determine the calculation method of the evaluation system.Based on the investigation results of the forest park restoration status,combined with the statistical calculation method,this article selects the extreme value method to process the index data dimensionless first,and then uses the subjective and objective comprehensive weighting method combining subjective weighting method(analytic hierarchy process)and objective weighting method(standard deviation method,entropy weight method,critical method)to calculate the index weight.The evaluation index was calculated by using the multi-index comprehensive evaluation method,and the evaluation grade of ecological restoration effect of the forest park was divided according to the evaluation index.Third,taking Chongqing Taisiya Forest Park as the practical object,this study uses the constructed forest park ecological restoration effect evaluation system to evaluate its restoration effect.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)Based on the undamaged community sample plots in the park,the damaged sample plots were set up,which were agricultural land,highway slope and quarrying.According to the different ecological restoration modes,they were divided into 25 types,and the community vegetation and soil environment were investigated respectively.The survey recorded 245 species of vascular plants belonging to 179 genera and 83 families,including 32 cultivated plants and 213 native plants,both of which play a role in ecological restoration.In the plant life form spectrum,“Phanerophyte > Therophyte and Hemicryptophyte > Geophyte and Chamaephyte” were consistent with the characteristics of plant life form in subtropical climate.(2)The evaluation index of the composition structure,vitality and stability of the plant community in the study area ranged from 0 to 0.4610.The evaluation index of the undamaged plant community in the park ranged from 0.2942 to 0.4610.Under different ecological restoration modes,the community vegetation of the three damaged types of sample plots in the study area was restored to different degrees.The damaged agricultural land had the highest restoration degree,with the maximum evaluation index of 0.4217,which was significantly higher than 0.0773 before restoration.The second was the highway slope,and the evaluation index increased from 0 to the maximum value of0.3110.The quarry had the lowest restoration degree,with the maximum value of 0.2291.With the increase of the restoration time,the evaluation index of the plots with artificial repairs showed a slow upward trend.The evaluation index of the community soil environmental characteristics in the study area ranged from 0.1061 to 0.2549.The evaluation index of the undamaged community in the park ranged from 0.1443 to 0.1524.The soil nutrient content of the damaged farmland was high due to the application of artificial fertilizer,with the maximum value of 0.2549 and the minimum value of 0.1691.The evaluation index of the highway slope increased from 0.1069 to 0.1654 after artificial restoration.The evaluation index of the quarry for 15 years of natural restoration was 0.1704,and the sample plot that was implemented 5 years of artificial restoration during the same period was affected by human interference with the value of 0.1508.(3)The comprehensive evaluation grade of the undamaged communities in the park is excellent and very good.With the increase of the ecological restoration years,the evaluation level of the damaged sample plots for agricultural land gradually increased from normal to very good or even excellent.Due to the short restoration time of highway slope sample plots,the evaluation grade has been raised from poor to good,and few of them are very good.Due to the serious damage of the quarry,the current evaluation grade is only normal and good.The evaluation results show that for the moderate damaged objects such as agricultural land and highway slope,the effect of artificial repair is often better than that of pure natural repair,and the effect gradually increases with the increase of restoration time.For the quarry whose ecological balance has been severely damaged,the effect of ecological restoration is not significant in the short term,and a longer restoration project is needed to achieve a stable restoration effect.(4)There is a correlation between the various indicators of plant community and soil environmental characteristics in the park.Therefore,when implementing ecological restoration with “natural restoration as the mainstay and artificial restoration as the supplement”,the application of vegetation-soil-microorganism comprehensive restoration technology should be vigorously promoted,especially for highway slope,quarry and other objects with obvious soil environmental damage.When implementing vegetation restoration,we should pay attention to scientific selection and reasonable combination of native plants and cultivated plants.In the practical evaluation,the matching modes with significant ecological restoration effect are as follows: “O.fragransL.quihoui-S.nigrum+ D.sanguinalis”,“C.japonicum-R.simsii-D.sanguinalis+ K.indica”,“fraseri-R.corchorifolius-D.sanguinalis+ C.asiatica+ Z.matrella”.Using scientific planting mode to improve the stability of ecosystem and achieve more efficient ecological restoration effect. |
PDF Full Text Request