| In this study,using drip irrigation tomato in North China,three ventilation treatments: T1(only skylight),T2(side window and skylight),the time and times and opening,referring to the cumulative evaporation(Ep),three irrigation treatments for each ventilation treatment:W1(0.9 Ep),W2(0.7 Ep)and W3(0.5 Ep).The paper investigated the effects of different ventilation and irrigation treatment on indoor temperature and humidity environment,physiological indicators of tomato growth,crop transpiration and yield.the results show that:(1)Different ventilation treatments have a great influence on the air temperature and humidity at different growth stages and different spatial positions of crops.In the development stage,the difference between canopy air temperature and air temperature at 2 m in T3 treatment was the most obvious,with the maximum difference of 0.7 ℃.The difference between canopy air humidity and air humidity at 2 m in T1 treatment was the most obvious,with the maximum difference of 2.3 %;In the flowering and fruit setting stage,the difference between canopy air temperature and air temperature at 2 m in T2 treatment was the most obvious,with the maximum difference of 1.0 ℃.The difference between canopy air humidity and air humidity at 2 m in T2 treatment was the most obvious,with the maximum difference of 8.4 %;In the mature picking period,the difference between the canopy air temperature and humidity of the three ventilation treatments and the air temperature and humidity at 2 m is small,and there is no significant difference.(2)Different ventilation treatments had a great impact on crop air temperature and humidity.Under W1 treatment,the highest canopy temperature was 29.9 ℃ of T1,the lowest temperature was 20.8 ℃ of T2,the highest canopy humidity was 85.5 % of T2 and the lowest humidity was 56.8 % of T2;Under W2 treatment,the highest canopy temperature was 29.8 ℃of T3,the lowest temperature was 20.7 ℃ of T2,the highest canopy humidity was 86.6 % of T1 and the lowest humidity was 56.7 % of T3;Under W3 treatment,the highest canopy temperature was 29.6 ℃ of T1,the lowest temperature was 20.5 ℃ of T2,the highest canopy humidity was 84.6 % of T2 and the lowest humidity was 54.4 % of T2.(3)Different irrigation treatments had great effects on crop air temperature and humidity.In T1 treatment,the highest canopy temperature was 29.9 ℃ of W1,the lowest canopy temperature was 21.8 ℃ of W3,the highest canopy humidity was 86.5 % of W2 and the lowest canopy humidity was 56.7 % of W3;Under T2 treatment,the highest canopy temperature was 29.3 ℃ of W1,the lowest canopy temperature was 20.4 ℃ of W3,the highest canopy humidity was 85.5 % of W1 and the lowest canopy humidity was 54.3 % of W3;Under T3 treatment,the highest canopy temperature was 29.8 ℃ of W2,the lowest canopy temperature was 21.5 ℃ of W2,the highest canopy humidity was 85.4 % of W1,and the lowest canopy humidity was 56.7 % of W2.(4)Soil temperature and humidity at different depths are greatly affected by ventilation and irrigation.Under different ventilation treatments,the maximum soil temperature at 10 cm is 26.7 ℃ of T3,and the minimum soil temperature is 22.2 ℃ of T1.The difference of soil temperature is small,the maximum soil humidity is 26.4 % of T1,and the minimum soil humidity is 17.8 % of T2;The highest soil temperature at 20 cm is 26.9 % of T1,the lowest soil temperature is 22.5 % of T2,the highest soil humidity is 26.7% of T2,and the lowest soil humidity is 19.5 % of T1;The highest soil temperature at 40 cm is 25.6 ℃ of T2,the lowest soil temperature is 20.6 ℃ of T1,the highest soil humidity is 22.7 % of T3,and the lowest soil humidity is 18.0 % of T1.There are great differences in soil temperature and humidity.(5)Under different irrigation treatments,the highest soil temperature at 10 cm was26.1 ℃ of W3,the lowest soil temperature was 21.6 ℃ of W1,the highest soil humidity was26.3 % of W1,and the lowest soil humidity was 17.3 % of W2;The highest soil temperature at 20 cm is 25.4 ℃ of W1,the lowest soil temperature is 21.5 ℃ of W3,the highest soil humidity is 34.5 % of W1,and the lowest soil humidity is 22.6 % of W2;The highest soil temperature at 40 cm is 25.6 ℃ of W2,the lowest soil temperature is 21.4 ℃ of W1,the highest soil humidity is 23.7 % of W1,and the lowest soil humidity is 18.5 % of W2.There are great differences in soil temperature and humidity.(6)Under the same ventilation treatment of different irrigation treatment,tomato plant height in different differences in different fertility stages,T1 ventilation treatment W2 irrigation tomato growing faster,T2 and T3 ventilation treatment under W1 and W3 irrigation tomato grow faster,this shows that water and ventilation on crop growth,different ventilation treatment and different irrigation treatment on the tomato leaf area and the effect of plant height,the relationship is not proportional.(7)Different ventilation and irrigation treatments had great effects on the dry matter accumulation of tomato stems and leaves.The effect of water treatment of W1 under T1 ventilation on stem and leaf dry matter accumulation was greater than that of W2 and W3.The effect of water treatment of W2 under T2 and T3 ventilation on stem and leaf dry matter accumulation was more obvious than that of W1 and W3.(8)With crop growth,Pn,gs,and Tr showed unimodal trends under the three irrigated treatments.The effects of Pn,gs and Tr were different by different ventilation treatments under the same irrigation treatment.With crop growth,Pn,gs and Tr showed a trend of high first and then low under different irrigation treatments.(9)During the whole reproductive period,the transpiration range of the three ventilated tomatoes changed greatly,and the change range of the early flowering and mature picking period was the most obvious.In the whole fertility stage,under the same ventilation treatment,different irrigation treatment has the same effect on the transpiration,all showing the largest W1,W2 times,W3 minimum change law.(10)Different ventilation and different irrigation combinations had great effects on tomato yield,water consumption and water use efficiency.The change characteristics of total yield,single fruit quality,ETa,WUE and IWUE of Tomato under T3 ventilation treatment and W3 water treatment were relatively stable.The total yield,single fruit quality,ETa,WUE and IWUE of Tomato under T1 and W1,W2,T2 and W1 treatment were slightly different,but the tomato yield,water consumption and water use efficiency of W3 under T1 and T3 ventilation treatment were relatively good,and the tomato yield,water consumption and water use efficiency of W2 under T2 ventilation treatment were relatively good Water consumption and water use efficiency are relatively good.Therefore,the combination of T1,T3 ventilation treatment and W3 water treatment has high tomato yield and good water-saving effect;The combination of T2 ventilation treatment and W2 water treatment had high tomato yield and good water-saving effect. |
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