| Camellia oleifera Abel.is a unique woody oil species in China.The C.oleifera extracted from its seeds has a good name of "liquid gold".C.oleifera contains a large amount of unsaturated fatty acids and vitamin E,which has very rich nutritional value.However,in recent years,the overall benefit of C.oleifera growers is not good,and the enthusiasm of social investment in C.oleifera planting is frustrated.What factors affect the benefits of C.oleifera planting? How much is the scale of C.oleifera planting and management appropriate? This is an urgent problem to be solved in the C.oleifera planting industry.In view of the factors related to the benefits of C.oleifera plantation,this study conducted a field survey of 47 C.oleifera growers and enterprises of different sizes in 11 counties and districts of Shangrao City,Jiangxi Province.Meanwhile,a questionnaire survey was carried out on the operation,management and processing of C.oleifera in Shangrao City,and 334 questionnaires were issued and recovered.Based on the relevant information obtained from the investigation,this paper analyzes the current situation of C.oleifera industry,the factors influencing the planting benefit,the planting scale effect and other aspects,and makes an empirical analysis of the research results of the scale effect.The research results can provide reference for moderate scale operation of C.oleifera in the future.The main results are as follows:(1)The overall development trend of the C.oleifera industry in Shangrao City of Jiangxi Province is good.The planting area accounts for a large part of the province.There are many large-scale and high-quality C.oleifera bases.However,there are also some problems in the development of the C.oleifera industry in Shangrao,mainly manifested as follows: First,the government’s policy support for the C.oleifera industry is not enough;Second,the overall benefit of C.oleifera planting base is not good;Third,C.oleifera quality labor shortage,low degree of mechanization;Fourth,the market share of C.oleifera is not high,and the propaganda is not enough.(2)The factors related to the benefits of C.oleifera planting in Shangrao city are as follows: the planting varieties are relatively single,mainly changlin and Ganwu series;The general education level of the farmers is not high,the quality is low,lack of relevant C.oleifera planting technology;The cultivation and operation of C.oleifera is mainly individual,with relatively few enterprises and cooperatives.Large investment in the early stage of planting,insufficient planting subsidies,farmers in the operation and management of a little powerless,not strong willingness to plant C.oleifera;Serious loss of rural population,serious aging,lack of young,high-quality labor force;Most C.oleifera growers believe that small-scale C.oleifera cultivation benefits are better,and believe that lack of relevant technology,poor sales and lack of labor force are the biggest obstacles in the process of C.oleifera cultivation and operation,and hope to get help from the government in the related technology of C.oleifera cultivation and management,as well as the sales of C.oleifera and fresh fruit.Most C.oleifera growers have not enjoyed the policies of C.oleifera insurance and loan,and do not know enough about the policies related to C.oleifera.(3)The planting benefit of C.oleifera is less affected by the age of the growers,but is obviously affected by the educational background,business model,planting scale,land contracting and other factors of the growers,and these factors mainly affect the planting input,the impact on the output and the ratio of production to investment has not reached a significant level,the difference in per mu input per year is shown as follows: The input of farmers with high school education or below is significantly less than that of those with college education or above,the input of individuals and cooperatives is significantly less than that of enterprises,the input of their own mountain and leasing mountain is significantly less than that of their own mountain and leasing mountain,and the input of bases with planting area less than 1000 mu is significantly less than that of bases with planting area less than 1000 mu.The results of correlation analysis also showed that the input was not significantly correlated with age,but was significantly correlated with educational background,business model,planting scale and land contracting mode,and educational background was significantly positively correlated with the ratio of production to investment.In addition,it has a significant positive correlation with output and output/investment ratio,that is,the increase of C.oleifera input can increase profits.(4)Based on DEA,the evaluation system of scale effect of C.oleifera plantation in Shangrao city was constructed.When the scale of C.oleifera plantation was 0 < area ≤80mu and 500 < area ≤1000 mu,the comprehensive technical efficiency,technical efficiency and scale efficiency of C.oleifera plantation were better.(5)Large,medium and small C.oleifera bases with different planting scales were selected as typical cases for analysis,and the benefits of small C.oleifera bases were better than those of medium and large scale.Most of the cultivation and management links in large and medium scale C.oleifera planting bases are unable to adopt mechanization,resulting in high personnel management cost,low labor efficiency and poor planting effect on small scale.Small-scale planting base for the main business implementation,cultivation management is more in place,the average yield is higher,better benefit.(6)Based on the field survey,questionnaire data and empirical analysis of cases,this paper summarized and discussed the problems existing in the aspects of the quality of the main body of C.oleifera planting and operation,mountain contracting mode and operation mode,planting scale,relevant policies and technical assistance.Given the large and medium scale planting still like small rely on traditional manual operation can’t reduce the production cost,small scale planting base operators to older,degree is low,and poor ability to resist risk,suggest that the government guide the establishment of professional construction team,mechanical equipment manufacturing productive service organizations,such as.At the same time,increase the policy,science and technology support to small-scale bases,in order to comprehensively improve the production efficiency and planting efficiency of C.oleifera forest,promote the sustainable development of the C.oleifera industry.To sum up,at the present stage,due to the low mechanization degree of C.oleifera planting and production,the development of C.oleifera industry in Shangrao city is more suitable for small-scale planting and operation.But in the development of small-scale high-yield C.oleifera base at the same time,also want to develop the C.oleifera plant operating equipment,optimizing the structure of rural labor force,foster the subject of modern moderate scale differential management,intensify policy support,with the improvement of C.oleifera plant operation mechanization level,large and medium scale of C.oleifera plantation can greatly reduce the cost,The suitability of C.oleifera planting scale will also change.At that time,farmers can integrate the resources of small-scale C.oleifera planting base by means of acquisition or merger,and develop towards large and medium-sized C.oleifera planting base. |
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