Investigation On Main Diseases Of Artificially Cultured Forest Musk Deer In Fengxian And Detection And Isolation Of Respiratory Pathogens

Forest musk deer is an endangered animal and a first-class protected wild animal in China.The musk of mature male forest musk deer cysts is a valuable traditional Chinese medicine.Generally,the acquisition of musk requires the capture of wild forest musk deer,which would cause many casualties.In the principle of both protection and utilization,China has approved the artificial breeding of forest musk deer in its natural breeding sites.Fengxian,Shaanxi Province,is the main area of Qinling mountains for wild forest musk deer.Based on the guidance of national policy,the project of artificial breeding of forest musk deer began in 1986.At present,Fengxian has become the largest artificial breeding base in China,as known as "the hometown of forest musk deer in China".However,there are also some newly-emerging problems for breeding wild forest musk deer,such as reduced production performance,poor health,frequent disease,which not only diminishes animal health but also affect the economic income of people in the industry.Research on such problems should be carried out.This study takes Fengxian forest musk deer breeding base as the investigation object;Using statistical analysis to grasp the occurrence of local forest musk deer diseases and then provide reference for disease prevention of forest musk deer.The main pathogens were isolated from the most common respiratory diseases,and the main pathogens were inoculated in mice to observe their pathogenicity.Drug sensitivity test and disinfectant screening test were carried out to provide basic data for finding out the main pathogens and control of respiratory diseases of forest musk deer in Fengxian.The results of this study are as follows:(1)from October 2020 to March 2022,466 cases of by Fengxian Forest Musk Deer Disease Control Center were statistically analyzed.The results showed that the common diseases of forest musk deer in Fengxian could be divided into 6 categories,including respiratory diseases(39.4%),digestive system diseases(32.6%),nutritional and metabolic diseases(18.1%),surgical diseases(4.1%),neurological diseases(3.2%)and urinary diseases(2.6%).According to the statistics of the onset season,it was found that the number of cases reached the highest in March and October each year,accounting for 21.5%(100/ 466).(2)A total of 30 samples of nose swabs and lung tissues of forest musk deer with respiratory disease symptoms were collected,and 10 species and 48 strains of pathogenic bacteria were obtained through bacterial isolation and 16 Sr RNA identification,of which Pseudomonas aeruginosa accounted for 29.2%(14/48),Streptococcus gallolyticus accounted for 18.8%(9pm 48),Escherichia coli accounted for 14.6%(7/48).(3)The pathogenicity tests of Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Streptococcus gallolyticus and Escherichia coli in mice were carried out.The results showed that all the mice infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa died within 48 hours,with a fatality rate of 100%(3/3).Two mice infected with Escherichia coli died within 72 hours,with a fatality rate of 66.7%(2/3).(4)Drug sensitivity test was carried out with Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Streptococcus gallolyticus and Escherichia coli.The results showed that Pseudomonas aeruginosa were highly sensitive to gentamicin,cefoperazone,norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin,but not sensitive to penicillin,ampicillin,cefalexin and clindamycin.Streptococcus gallolyticus were highly sensitive to cefotaxime,cefoperazone,clindamycin and florfenicol,but not to enrofloxacin,while Escherichia coli were highly sensitive to amikacin,cefalexin,cefotaxime and cefoperazone,but not to penicillin.The results showed that the three pathogens were highly sensitive to cefoperazone,and the sensitive rate was 93.3%(28/30),which could be used as the first choice for prevention and treatment.(5)Suspension quantitative germicidal test was carried out on three kinds of disinfectants commonly used in forest musk deer farm: glutaraldehyde solution,benzyl trimethylammonium chloride solution and trichloroisocyanuric acid powder.The results showed that the three disinfectants had obvious inhibitory effects on pathogenic bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Escherichia coli,Staphylococcus,Rothia nasimurium,Bacillus and Enterococcus.Among the three disinfectants,trichloroisocyanuric acid powder had the strongest inhibitory effect and could be used as the first choice for environmental disinfection in farms.The results of this study show that the diseases of artificial breeding forest musk deer in Fengxian are mainly respiratory problems caused by many factors.The main pathogens are Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Streptococcus gallolyticus and Escherichia coli.Cefoperazone has the highest sensitivity to these isolates and can be used as a drug for the prevention and treatment of respiratory diseases of forest musk deer.Trichloroisocyanuric acid can be used for the disinfection of farm environment.