| The vast arid and semi-arid area in northwest China is the production base of high-quality agricultural products with sufficient illumination,large temperature difference between day and night,small humidity and few diseases and insect pests.The farming tradition of dryland agriculture in China is to increase grain yield by increasing fertilizer input,and realize the combination of fertilizer and water to increase yield and efficiency.But under certain economic and social conditions,water is still the primary limiting factor to further improve grain yield.In the semi-arid sandstorm area where water resources are scarce,it is of great significance to greatly improve the utilization efficiency of limited water and fertilizer resources by vigorously developing water-saving irrigation and water-fertilizer integration technology,which is of great significance to guarantee the strategic needs of food security and ecological security in the arid and semi-arid areas of northwest China.Interlocks and takes the paper drip irrigation in semi-arid sandstorm corn as the object,through field experiment,the cucumber in spatial and temporal variations of corn plant under the condition of dry matter accumulation,nutrient absorption,dynamic soil water dynamics and water saving irrigation system,synergistic effect and reasonable fertilizer,such as water and drip irrigation,fertilization corn semi-arid sandy precise management plan,It is convenient to guide the high yield and high efficiency cultivation of maize under drip irrigation in semi-arid sandstorm area.The main results are as follows:(1)The estimated soil nutrient supply capacity(N:P2O5:K2O)was 81.17 kg·hm-2,61.88 kg·hm-2,193.21 kg·hm-2.The supply capacity of nitrogen and phosphorus was weak,but available potassium was strong.The maximum water storage capacity of 1m soil is 174.44 mm.In the maize planting season,the potential transpiration of maize was 816.40 mm,the rainfall was 125.60 mm,and the theoretical supplementary water amount required by drip irrigation was 5163.64 m3·hm-2.(2)During the whole growth period,N absorption and accumulation of maize showed a "S"pattern and a "Λ" pattern.P uptake was "S" type and accumulation was "Λ" type.The peak of phosphorus uptake was from seedling stage to jointing stage.The K uptake and accumulation of maize showed a"Λ" type change pattern,and the N,P and K of each organ showed staggered absorption,accumulation and nutrient reflux at different growth stages along with the life cycle.(3)The growth indexes,physiological indexes and yield of maize in semi-arid sandstorm area showed a linear and plateau trend with the increase of irrigation amount.SPAD value and panicle row number were not sensitive to irrigation amount,while bare tip length was negatively correlated with irrigation amount.In this study,the maximum irrigation amount was 4500 m3·hm"2,and the corn grain yield reached 15898.44 kg·hm-2.The growth indexes,physiological indexes and yield of maize showed a linear and flat changing trend with the increase of fertilizer application rate.The relationship between SPAD value,intercellular CO2 concentration,ear row number and fertilizer application rate was not obvious.The bald tip length was negatively correlated with fertilizer application rate.The highest yield of silage corn was 60.83 t·hm-2.The maximum grain yield was 1249.17 kg·hm-2 and the yield was 15629.55 kg·hm-2.The maximum economic benefit of water-soluble fertilizer application was 1093.26 kg·hm-2,and the yield was 17137.09 kg·hm-2.Compared with the local traditional fertilization method,the average yield of 10500 kg·hm-2 increased by 63.21%.Shoot growth index and photosynthetic characteristics showed a negative correlation with the increase of planting density.Low density and high density had different degrees of inhibition on growth index and photosynthetic index.The maximum yield of silage corn was 61.90 t·hm-2 and the maximum yield of grain corn was 15558.98 kg·hm-2 under the condition of dense planting of 9.00 million plants ·hm-2. |
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