Hypothalamus, Pituitary Gland And Ovary Differential Genes In Tan Sheep During Estrus And Lack Of Estrusscreening And Analysis Of Genetic Differences In The Pineal Gland And Ovary

The seasonal estrus of Tan sheep is a serious constraint to their productivity and industrial development.This will be of great significance for changing the seasonal restriction of Tan sheep estrus through artificial regulation and improving the reproductive performance of Tan sheep,as well as laying the foundation for the development of new breeding technologies and selection of new breeds of Tan sheep in estrus throughout the year.In addition,the main results of this study are as follows.(1)A total of 1995 differential genes were identified in the hypothalamus of Tan sheep during estrus and estrus,including 1495 up-regulated genes and 500 down-regulated genes;the differential genes were mainly enriched in biological processes such as intracellular signaling,cell adhesion and protein kinase activity,protein serine/threonine kinase activity,ion channel activity,passive transmembrane transporter activity and axon guidance.,cGMP-PKG signaling pathway,thyroid hormone signaling pathway,regulation of circadian rhythm,oxytocin signaling pathway and other signaling pathways.Finally,10 differential genes,including CHEK1,GNG4,YWHAB,KCNJ6,MCM6,GRIN2D,SERPINE1,CALML6,GNAQ,and MCM5,were anchored and up-regulated in the regulation of circadian rhythm,oxytocin signaling pathway,cell cycle,and proliferation pathway in the hypothalamus of beach goats during estrus,which may play a key role in regulating(1)The expression of circadian rhythm,oxytocin signaling pathway,cell cycle and proliferative pathway in the hypothalamus during estrus may play a key role in the regulation of seasonal estrus in beach goats.(2)1244 differential genes were identified in pineal tissue during estrus and estrus,including 1037 up-regulated genes and 207 down-regulated genes;all differential genes were found to be enriched in biological processes such as phosphorylation,regulation of small GTPase-mediated signaling,intracellular signaling,cell adhesion through plasma membrane adhesion molecules,myosin complex,cellular components and protein kinase activity and MAPK signaling pathway,regulation of circadian rhythm,oxytocin signaling pathway,calcium signaling pathway,circadian rhythm,PI3K-Akt signaling pathway,oocyte meiosis,melatonin regulation,light induction and other signaling pathways.Finally,10 core differential genes associated with seasonal estrus were anchored in the pineal gland by reviewing the literature,namely BUB3,PER1,GADD45B,ADCY3,CDKN2C,GRIA1,HDAC2,CACNA1F,CACNG2,and AURKA,which are involved in the regulation of circadian rhythm,oocyte meiosis,and melatonin regulation in the pineal gland tissue of beach goats during estrus.These genes are up-regulated in the regulation of circadian rhythm,oocyte meiosis,melatonin regulation,and light-induced signaling pathways in the pineal tissue of beach goats during estrus,and they may play an important role in the regulation of seasonal estrus in beach goats.(3)997 differential genes were identified in pituitary tissues during estrus and estrus,including 661 up-regulated genes and 336 down-regulated genes;these differential genes were mainly enriched in protein phosphorylation,cell-cell adhesion,intracellular signaling and microtubule cytoskeleton,ion channel complex,protein kinase activity,serine/threonine protein kinase activity,transmembrane receptor protein kinase activity,biological processes such as motor activity and GnRH signaling pathway,circadian rhythm,MAPK signaling pathway,regulation of circadian rhythm,estrogen signaling pathway,oxytocin signaling pathway,progesterone-mediated oocyte maturation,etc.Finally,10 core differential genes associated with seasonal estrus were anchored in the pituitary gland by reviewing the literature,namely CDC25A,BUB1B These genes were significantly up-regulated in the progesterone-mediated oocyte maturation,oocyte meiosis,and apoptosis pathways in pituitary tissues of Tan sheep during estrus,and it was hypothesized that these key genes play an important role in regulating seasonal reproduction in Tan sheep.(4)367 differential genes,including 18 up-regulated genes and 349 down-regulated genes,were found in ovarian tissues during estrus and estrus;these differential genes were mainly enriched in phosphorylation,steroid hormone-mediated signaling pathways,response to steroid hormones,cellular response to steroid hormone stimulation,small GTPase-mediated signaling,intracellular signaling,Ras protein signaling and biological processes such as DNA metabolism,Rho protein signaling,and molecular functions such as cellular components such as the nucleus,membrane coat,coated membrane,and protein kinase activity,nuclease activity,microtubule binding,and Ras guanine nucleotide exchange factor activity;while most genes cell cycle,lysine degradation,oocyte meiosis,cellular senescence,progesterone-mediated oocyte maturation,FoxO signaling pathway,PI3K-Akt signaling pathway,autophagy-animal and other KEGG pathways;finally 10 core differential genes associated with seasonal estrus were anchored in the ovary by collecting literature were GRIA4,CAMK2D,CCNB3,ESR1,CDK2,PLA2G4F,GRIA1,DBF4,PLA2G4A,TTK.and These genes were significantly up-regulated in GO entries such as cellular response to steroid hormones,steroid hormone-mediated signaling pathways and KEGG pathways such as estrogen signaling pathways,relaxin signaling,ovarian steroid production,and steroid biosynthesis in the ovaries of Tan sheep during estrus,and it is hypothesized that they may also play an important role in the regulation of seasonal reproduction in Tan sheep.