| The wine grape production area at the eastern foot of Helan Mountain in Ningxia is mostly distributed in ecologically fragile arid and semi-arid areas,and the existing planting varieties in this area are mostly Eurasian species,which need to be buried in the soil to prevent cold.The environment brings a lot of sand and dust,which makes the current very fragile environment even worse.Planting grape varieties without burial and ecological cultivation methods are important guarantees for the sustainable development of Ningxia Helan Mountain wine industry.In this study,based on the cultivation mode of cultivating grape variety ’Beihong’ with interrow grasses without burial,and taking clear ploughing as the control,the indicators of air temperature and humidity,soil physicochemical properties,tree vegetative growth,occurrence of diseases and insect pests,and quality of vineyards were evaluated.Determination and analysis were carried out to study the effect of inter-row grasses on the vineyard microenvironment and fruit quality,and to provide a scientific theoretical basis for the formulation and promotion of suitable cultivation techniques for burial-free grape varieties in the eastern foothills of Helan Mountain in Ningxia.The main findings are as follows:1.Grass growing between rows significantly changes the vineyard microenvironmentIn high temperature and hot summer,the treatment of grass growing between rows can significantly increase the air humidity at the leaf curtain part(fruit ear part)100 cm above the ground,and reduce the temperature,especially the daily maximum temperature.Planting grass between rows can improve the nutrients and structure of different soil layers:significantly increase the organic matter,organic carbon,nitrate nitrogen,ammonium nitrogen,available potassium,available phosphorus,total phosphorus,total potassium,and total nitrogen in the 0-60 cm soil layer.Equal content;reduce the pH and conductivity of the 0-60 cm soil layer;increase the 0-20 cm soil porosity;increase the soil bulk density and field water holding capacity of the 0-60 cm soil layer.Raw grass effectively regulates the microclimate of the vineyard.2.Grass between rows promotes vegetative growth of trees,but increases the risk of pests and diseasesCompared with the control,the grass growing between the vineyard rows can delay the phenological period of the soil-free grape vines by 2-5 days;the grass obviously promotes the vegetative growth of the tree,and enhances the elongation and thickening growth of the new vines.,increased the growth potential of the tree;increased the relative chlorophyll content of the leaves at the end of the growing season(September);the grass treatment significantly increased the number of leafhoppers;the downy mildew infection rate of the grass and the control did not change under natural conditions,However,under the condition of field inoculation,the grass treatment obviously increased the infection rate.3.The treatment of grass between the rows obviously affects the quality of grape fruitCompared with the control,the inter-row grass growing in the vineyard significantly increased the single-grain weight and titratable acid content of grapes,and significantly decreased the total phenolic content and soluble solid content of the fruit,and the grass-growing treatment had more varieties of fruit aroma than the control.In general,compared with the control,the inter-row grass has a certain effect on the soil,and the inter-row grass can significantly improve the scorching of grape leaves and fruits in the vineyards in the summer drought,high temperature season and strong light in the eastern foothills of Helan.It can increase the content of organic matter and other nutrients in the barren soil,obviously improve the soil structure,reduce the salt content in the saline-alkali soil,and promote the vegetative growth of the tree.However,raw grass will also bring hidden dangers to the occurrence of pests and diseases,and reduce the content of sugar and some secondary metabolites in the fruit.In production,measures should be taken according to local conditions and comprehensive consideration.On the one hand,the prevention and control of pests and diseases should be strengthened,and on the other hand,fertilization should be adjusted according to the impact effect,so as to control the balance between vegetative growth and quality. |
