Effect Of Chicken Manure Replacing Chemical Fertilizer On Wheat Yield And Utilization Of Water And Fertilizer In Dryland

Aiming at the problem of environmental pollution caused by long-term unreasonable fertilization in the Loess Plateau,this study explored the optimal proportion of chicken manure replacing chemical fertilizer based on wheat yield and water and fertilizer utilization effect,so as to provide theoretical guidance for reducing fertilizer application,improving wheat quality,and agricultural sustainable development.A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of total chemical fertilizer(100% HF),chicken manure nitrogen instead of 10% fertilizer nitrogen(10% JF + 90% HF),chicken manure nitrogen instead of 30% chemical fertilizer nitrogen(30% JF + 70% HF)and chicken manure nitrogen instead of50% chemical fertilizer nitrogen(50% JF + 50% HF)on wheat yield,nutrient absorption and transportation,water and fertilizer use efficiency,soil nitrogen residue and balance,carbon and nitrogen fractions and soil nutrients,the main results are as follows:(1)The spike number per hectare,grain yield and economic benefit of 30% JF + 70% HF were significantly increased by 9.9%,18.2% and 1169.5 yuan / hm~2 compared with 100% HF.(2)The uptake of N,P and K in grains and shoots of all treatments was the highest with 30% JF +70% HF,which was significantly increased by 41.5%,34.4%,14.5% and 39.9%,36.6% and 13.1%compared with 100% HF.Meanwhile,the accumulation of N and P before anthesis and the transfer of stem and leaf were significantly higher than 100% HF by 28.1% and 23.4%,50.7% and 60.4%.(3)30% JF + 70% HF can effectively promote the absorption and utilization of soil water during the growth period of winter wheat,and its water use efficiency and precipitation production efficiency were7.4%-14.6% and 9.4%-18.2% higher than other treatments.(4)The agronomic efficiency and apparent recovery rate of nitrogen and phosphorus of 30% JF +70% HF were significantly higher than other treatments,and the partial productivity of nitrogen and phosphorus of 30% JF + 70% HF were significantly increased by 18.2% compared with that of 100% HF,while the apparent recovery rate of potassium was significantly higher than 50% JF + 50% HF by 77.0%.(5)The nitrate nitrogen residue in 0-200 cm of the four treatments ranged from 319.1 kg / hm~2 to356.6 kg / hm~2,while the 30% JF + 70% HF was the lowest.Compared with 100% HF and 10% JF + 90%HF,30% JF + 70% HF significantly reduced nitrate nitrogen residue by 10.5% and 7.9% respectively,and it significantly reduced apparent nitrogen loss by 35.9% compared with 100% HF.(6)Compared with 100% HF,30% JF + 70% HF significantly increased soil microbial biomass organic carbon and heavy fraction organic nitrogen by 34.9% and 18.4%.Compared with 100% HF,50%JF + 50% HF significantly increased water-soluble organic carbon,soluble organic carbon,microbial biomass organic carbon and particulate organic carbon by 31.6%,19.6%,47.7% and 73.7%,and significantly increased microbial biomass organic nitrogen and particulate organic nitrogen by 68.1% and112.0%.At the same time,50% JF + 50% HF had positive effects on improving soil carbon pool index,carbon pool activity index,carbon pool management index and organic carbon fraction sensitivity index.In conclusion,30% JF + 70% HF can increase the yield and income of winter wheat,promote the transfer and absorption of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium and water use of wheat,reduce soil nitrate nitrogen residue,and improve soil microbial biomass organic carbon and heavy fraction organic nitrogen,so it can be widely used in the Loess plateau.