Study On The Species Diversity,fauna Analysis And Climatic Niche Width Of Scale Insects In Shanxi Province

Scale insects,also called scale insects,belong to the Hemiptera Sternorrhyncha Coccoidea.Many species are important pests on forest trees,fruit trees and ornamental plants.There are more than 8,000 species distributed in the world,and more than 1,000 species have been recorded in my country.The terrain of Shanxi Province is narrow and long.The climate,hydrology and soil nourish abundant plant species and diverse vegetation groups,providing a broad living environment and host plants for scale insects,as well as provides a large amount of resources for the investigation of scale insects.Based on literature,database and existing laboratory specimens,this study systematically compiled the list and geographic distribution of scale insects in Shanxi Province.On the basis of this list,for the first time,it analyzed the species diversity,fauna composition and causes of the current distribution pattern of scale insects in this province.In addition,based on the niche model,the potential distribution of three species of scale insects with serious damage in Shanxi Province was evaluated.Finally,based on the distribution data of scale insects and environmental factors,the relationship between its niche width and the latter was studied.The development of this research can not only enrich the biodiversity level of scale insects in Shanxi Province,provide theoretical basis for scale insect control,but also provide data support for classification and biogeography research.The results of this study are as follows:(1)There are 166 species of scale insects in Shanxi Province,belonging to 11 families and 72 genera,including 33 endemic species.Among them,Scutellaidae has the largest number of species and is the dominant group of scale insects in the province.The scale insect species diversity index,namely the richness index,dominance index,diversity index and evenness index,all show that Scutellaidae species are superior to other taxa.The order of the richness index and diversity index from high to low is Diaspididae>Pseudococcidae>Coccidae>Eriococcidae>Monophlebidae;in terms of uniformity index,Diaspididae=Monophlebidae>Pseudococcidae>Coccidae>Eriococcidae;For the dominance index,Cryptococcidae=Kuwaniidae=Margarodidae=Matsucoccidae=Ortheziidae=Phoenicococcidae>Monophlebi dae>Eriococcidae>Coccidae>Pseudococcidae>Diaspididae.Altitude,temperature and rainfall are the most important environmental factors affecting the distribution and diversity of scale insects in my country.The distribution pattern of scale insects shows that the distribution of this type of insects in Shanxi Province is uneven,and the flora is dominated by the Paleobec.(2)The Pseudococcus comstocki,Ceroplastes japonicus and Pseudaulacaspis pentagona seriously endanger the agricultural and forestry production in Shanxi Province.In order to assess the potential suitability of three species of scale insects in Shanxi Province,this study was based on the existing distribution points,combined with bioclimatic variables and altitude factors,and used the Max Ent model and geographic information system Arc GIS to evaluate the potential distribution of the three species of scale insects.Among the environmental variables,the min temperature of colodest month(Bio6)and altitude(Alt)have the greatest impact on the species distribution model of Pseudococcus comstocki and Ceroplastes japonicus.Under the current climatic conditions,the highly suitable areas of Pseudococcus comstocki and Ceroplastes japonicus are mainly concentrated in Yuncheng,Linfen and Jincheng;while the highly suitable areas of Pseudaulacaspis pentagona are mainly concentrated in Yuncheng,Linfen City,and Yangquan City.In the future climate situation,the highly suitable area of Pseudococcus comstocki will gradually increase in 2050 and gradually decrease in 2070;the highly suitable area of Ceroplastes japonicus will gradually increase;the highly suitable area of Pseudaulacaspis pentagona will gradually decrease.(3)On the basis of sorting out scale insects in Shanxi Province,this study calculated the niche width of23 species of scale insects in Shanxi Province and the relationship among other factors.The results showed that: a.The temperature niche width is positively correlated with species richness,and the width of the precipitation niche is negatively correlated with species richness;b.The temperature and precipitation of the niche width are negatively correlated;c.The niche width of the temperature and precipitation is positively correlated with latitude.