Effects Of Sowing Rate On Stem Characteristics,Photosynthetic Characteristics,Yield And Quality Formation Of Winter Wheat

In view of the lodging problem caused by the excessive sowing amount in wheat production,the optimal sowing amount of wheat in South Shanxi Province was clarified,and the mechanism of the influence of the sowing amount on the construction of wheat population,optimization of photosynthetic performance of the population and the formation of yield and quality was clarified.The field sowing test was conducted in Shanxi Agricultural University wheat experimental base in Hongdong County,Linfen,Shanxi Province from 2018 to 2020.There were five levels of 150 kg·hm^-2,225 kg·hm^-2,300 kg·hm^-2,375kg·hm^-2 and 450 kg·hm^-2,The effects of different population structure on the growth and development characteristics,photosynthetic characteristics,yield and quality of winter wheat were studied.The main results are as follows:（1）In the range of 150-450 kg·hm^-2,the sowing amount of 375 kg·hm^-2 significantly increased the water storage and water consumption after anther than other treatments,and significantly increased the tiller number,plant height and leaf area index of the population;the mechanical strength of wheat stalk and stem lodging resistance index were the highest in the sowing capacity of 150 kg·hm^-2,and there was no significant difference between the two treatments;the sowing quantity was 375 kg·hm^-2;the sowing amount was 375 kg·hm^-2 significantly increased the canopy photosynthetic effective radiation interception,interception rate,conversion rate and light energy utilization rate in the filling stage,significantly improved the dry matter quality,dry matter accumulation after flowering and its contribution to the grain,significantly increased the nitrogen accumulation of leaves,stem + sheath and spike + Spikelet in flowering and mature stage,and significantly increased the nitrogen turnover before anther and its effect on the grain The contribution rate;significantly increased the seed grain weight and grain filling rate,and finally significantly increased the number of spikelets 4-15%,the number of grains per ear 1%-7%,the yield of 1%-13%,and the water use efficiency of 1%-11%.The protein and its components and starch and its components were significantly increased;the nitrogen absorption efficiency was increased by 3%-13% and the production efficiency was 5%-10%,（2）The correlation analysis shows that the effective panicle number in maturity has a significant correlation with the soil water storage in overwintering period,and the yield has a significant or extremely significant correlation with the water storage and water consumption of the soil before flowering;the effective panicle number,yield and canopy light effective radiation interception and conversion rate are significantly or significantly related.In short,the selected broadcast capacity in southern Shanxi is 375 kg·hm^-2 is beneficial to balance the water consumption in each growth stage,provide sufficient water for the key growth period of wheat,construct a reasonable population structure,improve the mechanical strength of stem and stem and stem anti overturning index,improve the utilization rate of light energy of the population,increase the quality of wheat stem in each growth period,promote the accumulation of nitrogen content in all organs,improve the yield,water use efficiency and nitrogen utilization Efficiency,improve protein content,improve grain quality,achieve synchronous improvement of yield and quality.