Effects Of Temperature On The Experimental Population And Predatory Efficiency Of Mallada Basalis(Walker)(Neuroptera:Chrysopidae)

Green lacewing is a common natural enemy of agriculture and forestry pests,which can prey on whiteflies,mealy scales,aphids and other pests.Temperature is an important environmental factor,which plays an important role in the occurrence and development of insect population.Mallada basalis（Walker）（Neuroptera:Chrysopidae）is a dominant natural enemy of many Homoptera pests and is mainly distributed in South China.To understand the survival fitness of M.basalis preying on Phenacoccus solenopsis（Tinsley）and Diaphorina citri Kuwayama,the life tables of the experimental population of M.basalis were established at different temperatures,and the predatory efficiency of M.basalis was evaluated with the method of function response.Results provide reference for M.basalis indoor large-scale breeding,field releasing technology in different regions and seasons,and further study on its potential for controlling pests.The main findings are as follows:（1）Life table of experimental population of M.basalis prey on P.solenopsis at different temperaturesBiological parameters such as the development time,survival rate,adult longevity,and fertility of M.basalis preying on P.solenopsis were tested at 18,22,26,30,and 34℃,respectively.Results showed that M.basalis could complete its generation development at18～30℃.With the increase of temperature,the development time of the immatural stage of M.basalis was reduced gradually,and the shortest development time was observed at 30℃（19.00 d）.The highest net reproductive rate（R₀）was observed at 22℃（431.86）.And the highest intrinsic intrinsic rate（r_m）and finite increase rate（λ）were recorded at 26℃,they were 0.0971 and 1.1019,respectively.While the shortest average generation time（T）was observed at 30℃（45.35 d）.Usually,the longevity of female adult was longer than those male’s.（2）The predatory efficiency of M.basalis against P.solenopsis at different temperaturesThe predatory function response of the 3^rdinstar larvae of M.basalis to P.solenopsis were fitted well with HollingⅡmodel at 18,22,26 and 30℃,respectively.The number of P.solenopsis consumed by the 3^rdinstar larva of M.basalis was gradually increased with the increase of prey density at the same temperature,until it tended to a flat state.The predatory function responses curves of the 3^rdinstar larvae of M.basalis were in good agreement with the measured values at all tested temperatures.The maximum a/Th value（860.00）and attack rate（a）（1.1180）of the 3^rdinstar larva of M.basalis prey on the young nymphs of P.solenopsis was observed at 30℃,while the handling time（Th）was the shortest（0.0013 d）.Results indicatde that M.basalis had a higher predatory efficiency on the young nymphs of P.solenopsis.（3）Life table of experimental population of M.basalis prey on D.citri at differernt temperaturesBiological parameters such as the development time,survival rate,adult longevity,and fertility of M.basalis preying on D.citri were tested at 14,18,22,26,30,and 34℃,respectively.Results showed that M.basalis could complete its generation development at14～30℃.With the increase of temperature,the development time of the immatural stage of of M.basalis was reduced gradually,and the shortest development time was observed at30℃（17.67 d）.The highest net reproductive rate（R₀）was observed at 22℃（614.30）.And the highest intrinsic intrinsic rate（r_m）and finite increase rate（λ）were recorded at 26℃,they were 0.0984 and 1.1034,respectively.While the shortest average generation time（T）was observed at 30℃（47.26 d）.Usually,the longevity of female adult was longer than those male’s.（4）The predatory efficiency of M.basalis against D.citri at different temperaturesThe predatory function response of the 3^rdinstar larvae of M.basalis to D.citri were fitted well with HollingⅡmodel at 18,22,26 and 30℃,respectively.The number of D.citri consumed by the 3^rdinstar larva of M.basalis was gradually increased with the increase of prey density at the same temperature,until it tended to a flat state.The predatory function responses curves of the 3^rdinstar larvae of M.basalis were in good agreement with the measured values at all tested temperatures.The maximum a/Th value（1083.70）and attack rate（a）（1.0837）of the 3^rdinstar larva of M.basalis prey on the young nymphs of D.citri was observed at 30℃,while the handling time（Th）was the shortest（0.0010 d）.Results indicatde that M.basalis had a higher predatory efficiency on the young nymphs of D.citri.In general,M.basalis could complete the generation development at the temperature range of 14～30℃,the suitable temperature range for the growth of M.basalis was 22～30℃.Both the low and high temperature had a significant inhibitory effect on the growth and reproductive capacity of M.basalis,as well as the predatory efficiency against the two prey species.M.basalis was in good condition for its development,reproduction and predatory at the temperature range of 22～30℃.