| Due to the rigid soil and shallow surface,maize growth is often seriously affected in the lime concretion black soil,which leads to the decrease of maize yield.In order to improve the top layer of soil environment,increase the productivity of lime concretion black soil farmland,field trials were carried out in Erlang Township,Xiping County,Zhumadian City,Henan Province for two consecutive years from 2019 to 2020,the vehicle is soil loosening and root promoting agent(RP),straw decomposing inoculants(SD)and soil loosening and root promoting agent+straw decomposing inoculants(RP+SD)of lime concretion black soil physical properties,soil enzyme activity and soil nutrient,Furthermore,it affected the root damage flow per plant,plant morphological indexes and lodging resistance traits,relative chlorophyll content of ear leaves,photosynthetic characteristics of ear leaves,grain filling characteristics,dry matter accumulation and transport,yield and yield components of summer maize.The main test results are as follows:1.RP,SD and RP+SD treatments could increase the soil water content and soil porosity,and reduce the soil bulk density in the black soil.The activities of soil urease,sucrase and neutral phosphatase were significantly increased.The content of available P,NH4+-N and NO3--N in soil was significantly increased.The 2 years is basically consistent.Principal component analysis showed that RP+SD treatment had the best effect on soil improvement,followed by RP and SD treatment.2.In 2019,RP,SD and RP+SD treatments could increase the Root injury of summer corn plants by more than 16.00% compared with CK treatments,and in 2020,the Root injury of summer corn plants increased by more than 8.00% compared with CK treatments,indicating that all treatments could enhance the root activity compared with CK,and the results were basically the same in 2 years.3.At the flowering stage of summer maize,RP,SD and RP+SD could increase the plant height,stem diameter and leaf area per plant,reduce the ear position coefficient,increase the bending resistance(45°)of summer maize stalk by more than 10.99%,increase the cross breaking strength of the third shoot node in the shoot by more than10.22%,and increase the lodging resistance index of summer maize by more than10.59% compared with CK.4.RP,SD and RP+SD treatments could increase the relative content of chlorophyll(SPAD value),increase the net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance and transpiration rate,reduce intercellular CO2 concentration,and delay the senescence of summer maize leaves after anthesis,and the results were basically the same after 2 years.Path analysis showed that net photosynthetic rate was the most important factor for yield,so a higher photosynthetic rate was beneficial to yield increase of summer maize.5.In 2019,the grain filling rate of CK treatment reached the maximum at 24 d after the flower,while the grain filling rate of RP,SD and RP+SD treatment reached the maximum at 25 d after the flower.The grain filling rate of RP,SD and RP+SD treatment and CK treatment reached the maximum at 28 d after the flower.In 2020,the 100-grain weight of RP,SD and RP+SD treatment after 35 d after the flower was significantly higher than that of CK treatment,respectively.The grain filling rate of CK and RP treatment reached the maximum at 23 d after the flower.The grain-filling rate of SD and RP+SD treatments reached the maximum 24 days after the flower.6.RP,SD and RP+SD treatments could significantly promote dry matter accumulation,dry matter transport efficiency and contribution rate to grain of summer maize after flowering.Compared with the control,the yield of summer maize under RP,SD and RP+SD increased by 15.71%,9.62%,15.60% and 15.72%,10.17%,18.83% in 2019 and 2020,respectively.Compared with the control,the growth rate of comparative economic benefit increased by 14.31%,9.31%,11.09% and 10.27%,5.97%,11.22%,respectively.The results showed basically the same performance in 2years.In conclusion,soil loosening and root promoting agent and straw decomposing inoculants can significantly improve the soil environment,increase soil water content,increase soil nutrients and soil enzyme activity,improve the growth environment and conditions of summer maize,enhance root activity,promote the growth of summer maize and achieve yield increase and increase economic benefits. |
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