| Animal manure is an important source of organic fertilizer.Due to the high content of heavy metals in livestock and poultry manure,long-term use in farmland will result in the accumulation of heavy metals in the soil,which will be harmful to human health through the food chain after being absorbed and used by plants.In order to reduce the risk of heavy metal pollution of livestock and poultry manure to the environment and more safe and efficient utilization,the experiment of using pig manure as raw material and adding different substances for aerobic fermentation.To study the migration and transformation of heavy metals Cu,Zn,Cd,Pb after applying swine manure,carbon-based fertilizer,biogas residue fertilizer and carbon mixed fertilizer in typical soils of China.The main results were observed as follows:(1)During the two quarters of planting,the application of manure in the fluctuating soil increased the content of Cu and Zn in the soil.The application of biogas residue fertilizer significantly increased the content of Cu,Zn and Cd in the soil,but fertilization did not affect the content of Pb in the soil.After applying swine manure and biogas residue fertilizer in black soil,Cu and Zn content in soil was significantly higher than carbon-based fertilizer and carbon mixed fertilizer;and the application of swine manure and carbon mixed fertilizer increased the content of Cd significantly.In red soil,the application of swine manure significantly increased the content of Zn and Cd in the first season.After the second season,the content of Cu,Zn and Cd in the soil after applying carbon-based fertilizer was relatively low.In paddy soil,the application of carbon mixed fertilizer can significantly reduce the content of Cu,Zn,and Pb in the first season.In the second season,application of biogas residue fertilizer significantly increased the content of heavy metals.(2)In the fluvo-aquic soil and black soil,fertilization significantly increased the activity of Cu and Zn,and the application of carbon-based fertilizer has little effect on the activation of Cu and Zn.The application of organic fertilizer increased the availability of Cd and reduced the availability of Pb.In the black soil,except for the carbon mixed fertilizer,the application of swine manure,carbon-based fertilizer and biogas residue fertilizer at different fertilization levels in the two seasons increased Cd activity;the application of manure increased the stability of Pb in the black soil in the first season,while the application of swine manure and carbon mixed fertilizer decreased the stability of Pb at the two fertilizer levels in the second season.The availability of Cu,Zn.Pb in soil with carbon mixed fertilizer is significantly lower than that of other manure applications in red soil.In the first season,the application of carbon mixture fertilizer significantly reduced the availability of Cd in the soil,and in the second season,the application of biogas residue fertilizer reduced the availability of Cd.In paddy soil,the availability of Cu,Zn and Cd after application of carbon-based fertilizer was lower than that of other manure.Pb mainly exists in a stable form in the soil,and the application of manure increases the stability of Pb.(3)In fluvo-aquic soil,the content of Cu,Zn and Cd in the plant after applying carbon-based fertilizer was lower than that of pig manure,biogas residue and carbon mixed fertilizer.Application of organic fertilize in black soil,the content of Cu and Zn in plants after application of biogas residue fertilizer in the first season is higher than that of other manures.The content of Cd and Pb in plants after applying pig manure was lower than other manures.The application of carbon-based fertilizer reduced the content of Cu,Zn,Cd and Pb in plants was also lower than that of other manure applications in the second season.Application of organic fertilize in red soil,the accumulation of Cu,Zn,and Pb in plants after carbon fertilizer application was low,and the accumulation of Cd in plants using biogas residue fertilizer was lower than that in other manures.Application of organic fertilize in paddy soil,In paddy soil,the content of Cu and Zn in plants is highest after applying biogas residue fertilizer.When the fertilization amount is 1%,the application of swine manure has a tendency to reduce the Cd content in the plant,and the fertilization amount is 3%,the application of carbon mixed fertilizer significantly reduced the content of Cd in the plant;the application of fertilizer increased the content of Pb in plants,and the application of carbon mixed fertilizer to the accumulation of Pb in the plant was more obvious than that of other manures.(4)Application of organic fertilize in fluvo-aquic soil,the migration coefficients of Cu and Zn were smaller after applying carbon-based fertilizer than other manures,and reduced the migration coefficient of Cd and Pb in plants in the two seasons.Application of organic fertilize in black soil,the migration coefficients of carbon-based fertilizers Cu and Cd are significantly smaller than that of swine manure,biogas residue fertilizer and carbon mixed fertilizer.In addition to the application of carbon-based fertilizers in the second season,the migration coefficient of Zn is significantly reduced,application of manure increased the migration coefficient of Zn.Applying fertilizer reduced the Pb content in the first season and had no significant effect on the migration coefficient of Pb and in the second season.Application of organic fertilize in red soil,the mobility of Cu,Zn.Pb after carbon fertilizer application is lower than that of other manures.In the first season,the migration coefficient of carbon mixed fertilizer Cd was the smallest,while in the second season,the migration coefficient of biogas residue fertilizer Cd was significantly smaller than that of other manures.Application of organic fertilize in paddy soil,the application of swine manure significantly reduced the migration coefficients of Cu,Zn,and Cd in the first-season and fertilization amount was 1%,and the application of carbon-based fertilizer significantly reduced the migration coefficients of Cu,Zn,and Cd when the fertilization amount was 3%;In the second season,the migration coefficients of the carbon-based fertilizers Cu,Zn,Cd,and Pb are less than other manures.The migration coefficient of Pb after applying carbon mixed fertilizer was significantly higher than that of other manuresThis paper studied the transfer and transformation of heavy metals in soil-plant after applying swine manure,carbon-based fertilizer,biogas residue fertilizer and carbon mixed fertilizer in different soils,and preliminarily determined the optimal treatment method to control the environmental risk of heavy metals in livestock and poultry manure,so as to guide the safe and reasonable agricultural use of livestock and poultry manure. |
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