| Honeybee(Apis)is a social insect with complex behavior.They communicate with a special dance language.The waggle dance of the honeybees is the main language they use for the information communication relating to distance and direction.The waggle dance communication helping them to find the exact location of the high-quality foraging and way back to the nest.The normal information process in the central nervous system of the bee,and the neurotransmitters are closely related to the complex social behavior of the bees.Apis mellifera was selected at different states such as beginning of foraging,one minute after foraging,when dance begin and at the end of dance,resting position,following start and following end.We used qPCR for dopamine interrelated gene expression and high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)to determine the monoamine neurotransmitter contents,explored dopamine or dopamine antagonist whether interference bees dance behaviors.The honeybee brain was dissected and the tissues were separated manually,and after filtration by 0.22um filter,the contents of seven monoamine neurotransmitters or their metabolites in the brain of different states were analyzed by HPLC.After the optimization and method verification,the sensitivity and accuracy was summed up and developed,and the detection method of seven monoamine neurotransmitters in the bee brain was measured simultaneously.Honeybee with the ability of dance were recorded,the brain dopamine contents was recorded higher at the start of foraging and dancing begins in competition with the foraging after one minutes,end of the dance and at the resting state.The change trend of levodopa,norepinephrine,homovanillic acid and 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic acid contents were higher in the dance and foraging begin state.However,these contents were low at the dancing end and the foraging after one minute,which is consistent with the changing trend of dopamine,but the content of these substances in the resting state are not a difference trend.Compared with the dancing bees and followers,the content of dopamine in the brain of dancing bees was higher than those following individuals.In addition,we used a special tunnel for the foragers,bees receive different optical flow stimulation;the dopamine contents in the bees brain collected in the open sky was recorded higher than the bees used in the tunnel.The content of the irregular grating is equal to white grating.These results show that dopamine is involving in the regulation of bee foraging behavior,but optic flow has no significant effects on dopamine contents.These results suggest that dopamine might improve food desire of honeybee in foraging.Dopamine might be a key factor for regulating and controlling honeybee dance behavior.Dance behavior and dopamine have a higher correlation.The relative expression of Amdopl,Amdop2,Amdop3 and Amdat gene in the five different forage states,trend of Amdop1,Amdat expression and the dopamine contents in the same trend,Amdat expression was higher than dancing end,these two states were higher than foraging begins,foraging 1 min and resting.The Amdat expression of the dancer was also higher than that follower.These results also suggested that dopamine-related genes are involved in the regulation of bee dance behavior.Compared with ice frozen injection,carbon dioxide anesthesia injection,and fixed injection,oral method and N,N-Dimethylformamide(DMF)method.DMF method has the advantages of fewer traumas,faster recovery and less interference.This method requires less equipment,simple operation and is suitable for field experiments.These current research findings confirms that dopamine play a key role in the regulation of dance behavior and it can improve honeybee"desires" or "want" food.It can promote the development of neural and molecular basis research of honeybee complex behavior.The current findings will provide reference and inspiration for the research of molecular basis and evolution of human language. |
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