Research On The Design Of Main Campus Buildings In Chinese Universities From 1949 To 1976

The construction of higher education campuses often represents a new era under a new political regime.During the period of the early years of the People’s Republic of China(1949-1976),the form of university campuses had a strong characteristic of the times.On the one hand,after the establishment of the new China,the Chinese government needed to quickly integrate existing higher education resources to create a unique higher education system for the socialist country and serve the construction of a socialist society.On the other hand,the Chinese architectural community in the early days of the country attempted to create a socialist architectural form that would consolidate national cohesion and promote national pride with unique Chinese architectural forms.Due to the influence of the "Comprehensive Study of the Soviet Union" policy,all policies and decisions made in the early days of the People’s Republic of China were implicitly influenced by the Soviet model.The adjustment of departments and colleges in universities,which began in 1952,laid the foundation for the embryonic form of higher education in China.In the subsequent wave of campus construction,the influence of Soviet architectural thought often resulted in the overall form of campus being described with words such as "grand" and "magnificent," highlighting the fact that universities were also part of socialist institutions.The completion of the main building of Moscow State University provided a model image of a socialist university in the minds of Chinese universities.Since then,there has been a wave of campus planning in which the main building is the center,and the main building has gradually become the symbol of various universities.Based on the research perspective of education,this article analyzes the influence of the departmental adjustment process in the early 1950 s on the form of university campuses and the construction of main buildings through document analysis.Through the convergence of various historical materials,this article explores the influence of Soviet architectural theory on the Chinese architectural community in the early days of the country and analyzes the design process of the main building of Moscow State University,comparing and analyzing the design of Soviet-style campus main buildings in the early days of the People’s Republic of China.This article also examines the design form of "socialist content,national form" in the national architectural form after the process of Chinese traditional architecture revival.Based on the above research,this article analyzes the historical reasons behind the construction of the main building of four universities to demonstrate the influence of departmental adjustment and architectural thought on the form of main buildings.Finally,this article analyzes the factors influencing different forms of main buildings from multiple perspectives,including planning level,central landscape axis of the main building,facade composition,and decoration style,to dissect the design features of main buildings in the mid-20 th century(1949-1976).