A Study On Collaborative Governance For Mass Passenger Flow Risk In Shanghai Metro Stations

As the main public transportation of Shanghai,which is a representative metropolis in China,metro plays an important role in the city’s fundamental functions.While providing supporting for urban economic development,civil transportation and local ecological optimization,metro is also confronted with unprecedented pressures from the risks of operation safety and emergency response due to its closed carriage,massive transport capacity,network complexity,and confined space.Among all problems,the countermeasures for mass transit passenger flow risk become the prominent issue.Therefore,we need to conduct researches from theoretical as well as practical perspective,and apply what we achieved into practice guidance.From the theoretical point of view,the risk of mass passenger flow in metro stations is a micro-subdivided dimension subjected to social public security,and its research attributes to the theory of risk society governance.At the same time,considering the theory of synergetic governance is a new intercross theory which combines the synergetic theory of natural science and the governance theory of social science,the proposal of constructing risk synergetic mechanism for mass passenger flow in metro stations has important theoretical research value to the synergetic governance of social risk.From the practical aspect,it is urgent and important to prevent and dissolve the major risks in big cities.The study on the risk of mass passenger flow in Shanghai Metro can better apply the theoretical results to social practice,and provide the measures and suggestions for the government to deal with such social risks.Meanwhile,the study of this paper also aims to search for the feasibility of social subjects participating in the co-governance in public security in Shanghai.First of all,this paper has made a detailed literature study on the relevant fields in risk management at home and abroad,then made its own research route,took the method of literature research,questionnaire and interview,comparative analysis and case analysis to carry out specific analysis and research.On the research of the collaborative management of the mass transit passenger flow,which is applied by the synergetic governance theory,the paper points out the deficiency of the present response measures,and puts forward that the diversified non-governmental subjects should be invited into the framework of the risk management of the mass transit passenger flow to form a better collaborative mechanism.The main conclusions of this paper include: the metro operators have accumulated much experiences on reactions to the Shanghai metro passenger flow for many years,however,the government didn’t pay more attentions on theoretical research,as well as the specific measures and improved public participation mechanism under the guidance of the theory.Based on the analysis of the current response to passenger flow risk in metro stations,this paper draws the conclusion that the emergency plans and coordinated platform have been established featured by “Four Leader Linkage”mechanism.However,this mechanism is so rudimental that it is far from meeting the requirements based on the theory of collaborative governance for the risk of large passenger flow.Take Longyang Road Station as an example,this paper lists and analyzes the existing drawbacks in dealing with the risk of mass transit passenger flow by questionnaire and interview,including insufficient participants from limited sources,unsmooth coordination and restricted and low efficiency of risk reconciliation.Apart from that,this paper made deep studies on the mechanism of “Four Leader Linkage” based on the theory of synergetic governance.Firstly,from the perspective of the collaborative governance mechanism,analyzes the four main causes of the problems as follows:Co-agents are not enough,poor communication among co-agents,social co-governance has not yet been formed,and the rules of co-governance are not mature.Secondly,from the perspective of collaborative environment,analyzes the three causes of the problem including unsound information platform,imperfect early warning system and insufficient social participation.In addition,this paper also studies the governance mechanism for passenger flow risk in other representative cities for reference.Finally,the paper provides optimized strategies for the collaborative governance of the mass transit passenger flow risk including: introducing multi-participation,improving communications among co-agents,consolidating the social co-governance with multi-subjects,standardizing the rules of co-governance.Also,the paper puts forward some innovative suggestions on constructing an environment for collaborative governance of mass transit passenger flow combining with practical application on the basis of synergetic governance theory.These suggestions contain:building an information-sharing platform,establishing collaborative early warning system for the risk of large passenger flow,raising public awareness of mass transit passenger flow risk to promote co-governance.I hope the above suggestions,also the emphasized innovations of this paper,will give full play to the theory of synergy and make the collaborative governance mechanism of the mass transit passenger flow risk more efficient.