| In recent years,with the rapid development of economy,cars have entered thousands of households.While cars bring convenience to people,they inevitably bring problems such as resource consumption and environmental pollution.At present,people pay more and more attention to the impact of automobiles on the ecological environment.With China’s goal of achieving carbon neutrality in peak carbon dioxide emissions in 2030 and in 2060,major domestic automobile companies have responded to the call,actively doing a good job in energy conservation and emission reduction,and increasing the layout of new energy vehicles and intelligent networked vehicles.At this critical stage of automobile transformation,it is urgent to quantify the resource consumption and environmental impact of automobile parts.Therefore,this paper has carried out the life cycle assessment research of automobile parts(instrument beam and car roof)made of different materials,and obtained the impact results of resource consumption and environmental emission in each stage of its life cycle.By comparing and analyzing the contribution of each stage,this paper puts forward targeted improvement suggestions in order to realize the ecological design and green manufacturing of automobile parts.This paper has carried out and completed the following research work:(1)The "K-H-F" ecological assessment theoretical model of mineral resource consumption(K),fossil energy consumption(H)and waste discharge(F)in the stages of raw material acquisition,processing,transportation and final assembly,operation and scrap recovery of automobile parts is constructed,which lays a theoretical foundation for the subsequent GaBi modeling and in-depth analysis.(2)Using software GaBi10 to complete the modeling work of traditional steel instrument beam,magnesium alloy instrument beam,traditional steel car roof and carbon fiber car roof,and calculating the characterization index results and comprehensive environmental impact results of instrument beams and car roofs made of two materials in each stage.The results show that,during the whole life cycle of the instrument beam and car roof made of two materials,the order of environmental impact type indicators is global warming potential(GWP)> acidification potential(AP)> photochemical ozone generation potential(POCP)> water eutrophication potential(EP)> ozone depletion potential(ODP);In addition,compared with the traditional steel instrument beam,the magnesium alloy instrument beam has less mineral resource consumption(ADPe)in the whole life cycle,but the fossil energy consumption(ADPf)has a greater impact on the comprehensive environment,and the ecological environment impact of the traditional steel instrument beam in the whole life cycle is better.Compared with carbon fiber car roof,the ADPe,GWP and AP of traditional steel car roof are larger,while ADPf,EP,ODP and POCP are smaller.The two kinds of car roof have their own advantages in different environmental impact indicators.(3)In order to identify the important factors that affect the LCA results and quantify the influence range of these factors on the evaluation results,based on the evaluation results,factors such as raw and auxiliary materials of parts,processing power consumption and operation power consumption were selected for sensitivity analysis.Among them,when the power consumption changes by 10% in operation stage,the GWP results of steel instrument beam,magnesium alloy instrument beam,steel car roof and carbon fiber car roof change by 6.83%,3.12%,8.5% and 4.93%respectively.(4)Because the power structure is different in different regions of China,the use of auto parts in different regions will directly affect its final evaluation results.Therefore,the comparative analysis of different regions was carried out,and the results showed that the comprehensive environmental impact of the two kinds of instrument beams in the whole life cycle was from large to small: northern power grid > eastern power grid > central power grid > southern power grid.(5)Based on the current power structure in China,the future power forecast and analysis of automobile parts are carried out.The results show that,compared with the current power structure,in the future power scenarios(2025,2030 and 2040),the GWP of magnesium alloy instrument beams will be reduced by 3.8%,6.7% and 11.2%,the steel instrument beams will be reduced by 8.2%,14.5% and 24.2%,the steel car roof will be reduced by 10.3%,18% and 30.2%,and the carbon fiber car roof will be reduced by 6.1%,10.9% and 18.1% respectively.Considering the influence of China’s sustainable policies on future power structure changes,this paper makes a comparative analysis of three future power emission scenarios under the influence of sustainable policies,that is,sustainable policies have no influence on future power,have little influence on future power and have great influence on future power.In addition,the new power modes in China(50% thermal power,25% hydropower and 25% nuclear power)are constructed and compared.The results show that compared with the current power structure,the GWP of steel instrument beam,magnesium alloy instrument beam,steel car roof and carbon fiber car roof will be reduced by 21.33%,9.83%,26.63% and 15.97% respectively.Therefore,improving China’s power structure,that is,reducing the proportion of thermal power generation and increasing the proportion of clean power such as hydropower,nuclear power and wind power,can effectively reduce the resource consumption and environmental impact of automobile parts. |
