Research On The Whole Life Cycle Assessment Of A Car Door Based On GaBi

China has consistently ranked first in the world in terms of automobile production and sales for 14 consecutive years.Environmental problems caused by the huge volume of cars,such as mineral resources and fossil energy consumption,waste emission and pollution,cannot be underestimated.In order to actively respond to the national "dual carbon" strategic goal,the automotive industry urgently needs to carry out ecological design and green manufacturing for the entire vehicle and its components.The theory and technology of Life Cycle Assessment(LCA),as an important supporting tool for environmental management and product design internationally,have been embedded in relevant national standards.At present,the hot spot for academic and industrial research is the power system of new energy vehicles,such as the LCA study of power batteries,which often ignores the ecological benefit evaluation of vehicle components such as the body,chassis,and electrical equipment that make up the entire vehicle of new energy vehicles.However,conducting a life cycle assessment of all important components of a vehicle will ultimately contribute to the life cycle assessment of the entire vehicle.Therefore,the research on LCA of automotive components clearly has research value and significance.Therefore,this article will conduct a systematic comparative study of the full life cycle assessment of a pure electric vehicle door module(front and rear four doors)using two different schemes(traditional steel scheme design and lightweight aluminum scheme design).The theoretical work of life cycle assessment is to establish an "O-F-E" theoretical model for LCA evaluation-the total process consumption(O)of ore resources;Total process consumption of fossil energy(F);Total waste emissions(E)determine the comprehensive impact of each stage of the entire life cycle on the environment,resources,and energy.The main work in terms of life cycle assessment technology is to determine the research objectives and scope based on the product characteristics of the door module,collect and analyze the data list,and use the professional life cycle assessment software GaBi and its database jointly developed by PE Company of Germany and the University of Stuttgart to establish an ecological benefit assessment "O-F-E" mathematical model to horizontally compare and analyze the environmental and resource impacts of each stage of the entire life cycle between the two design schemes Comprehensive impact of energy,identifying its environmental load differences;Longitudinal internal analysis of important environmental impact factors for each option.At the same time,conduct parameter changes,scenario analysis,sensitivity analysis,etc.of the established model,and conduct in-depth research on the environmental impact results of various variables from multiple perspectives.Based on this idea,the following research work has been carried out and completed in this paper:(1)From the perspective of the entire life cycle,it can be seen from the horizontal comparative analysis results that the comprehensive environmental impact of steel door modules is greater than that of aluminum door modules.The ore resource depletion potential ADP(e)of the steel door module and the aluminum door module during their full life cycle are 0.00819(kg Sb-eq)and 0.000429(kg Sb-eq),respectively;The potential ADP(f)of fossil energy depletion is 762(MJ)and 710(MJ),respectively,both of which are greater than the latter.The characterization index of the entire life cycle of the steel door module is global warming potential(GWP)of 731(kg CO2-eq);Acidification potential(AP)is 2.53(kg SO2-eq);The eutrophication potential(EP)is0.237(kg Phosphate eq);The ozone layer depletion potential(ODP)is5.88E-09(kg CFC-11-eq);Photochemical smoke potential(POCP)is0.276(kg Ethene eq);Aluminum door module GWP is 683(kg CO2-eq);AP is 2.43(kg SO2-eq);EP is 0.184(kg Phosphate eq);ODP is 2.76E-09(kg CFC-11-eq);POCP is 0.202(kg Ethene eq);The five categories of comprehensive environmental impact indicators for steel door modules are higher than those for aluminum door modules.(2)From the longitudinal internal analysis of each scheme,it can be seen that the important influencing factors for carbon emissions of steel door modules come from the production of raw materials,namely,cold rolled steel A and cold rolled steel B,namely,the outer panel and the inner panel.Their carbon emissions in the total production stage are respectively 14.12% for the outer panel of the front door,13.68% for the inner panel of the front door,13.45% for the outer panel of the rear door,and 15.54% for the inner panel of the rear door.The raw materials with the highest contribution to carbon emissions from aluminum door modules are aluminum alloy A and aluminum alloy B,mainly produced from inner and outer panels,which account for 12.67% of carbon emissions from the front door outer panel,19.00% of carbon emissions from the front door inner panel,11.70% of carbon emissions from the rear door outer panel,and 18.47% of carbon emissions from the rear door inner panel.(3)In order to verify the environmental advantage abundance of lightweight materials,the balance point is calculated through parameter changes at 114213 km.At this time,the global warming potential GWP values of the two door modules are equal.When the driving distance continues to increase,the aluminum door module is lower than the steel door module,so the lightweight design of the door module can greatly reduce environmental emissions.(4)Replacing the thermal aluminum model in the total production stage with the hydroelectricity aluminum model,taking GWP as an example,the environmental emissions of steel and aluminum door production stages were compared.The results show that the carbon emissions from aluminum doors are 186(kg CO2-eq),which is 45%lower than the 342(kg CO2-eq)carbon emissions from the original Japanese raw material aluminum.(5)Different forms of electricity have a significant impact on the evaluation results.The longitudinal research results conclude that thermal power generation is the "least clean" and hydropower generation is the "cleanest".The horizontal comparative study shows that the comprehensive environmental impact value of steel door modules is larger than that of aluminum door modules under the thermal power generation and average power scenarios;However,in clean energy scenarios such as natural gas power generation,photovoltaic power generation,atomic power generation,wind power generation,and hydropower generation,the comprehensive environmental impact value of steel door modules is smaller than that of aluminum door modules.It is shown that the optimization of the power structure contributes to the improvement of the carbon reduction economy of traditional steel doors.(6)Using China’s future power emission factors within the GaBi software and building a new power structure in China,the future power of the steel door module in 2025,2030,and 2040 and the GWP under the new power mode are 667.016(kg CO2-eq),617.511(kg CO2-eq),541.957(kg CO2-eq),and 579.963(kg CO2-eq),respectively,which are8.8%,15.5%,26%,and 20.7% lower compared to the current;The GWP of the aluminum door module in the future power mode and the new power mode are 642.776(kg CO2-eq),611.461(kg CO2-eq),563.036(kg CO2-eq),and 577.946(kg CO2-eq),respectively,reducing by 5.9%,10.5%,17.6%,and 15.4%.(7)Compared to carbon emissions in different regions,compared to aluminum door modules,steel door modules have a greater reduction.The overall environmental impact of the entire life cycle of the two materials of door modules ranges from large to small: Northern Power Grid>Eastern Power Grid>Southern Power Grid>Central Power Grid.China should gradually improve its electricity structure and increase the proportion of clean energy such as hydropower,wind power,solar power generation,and nuclear power,which is an important way to reduce the environmental impact of products.(8)According to the overall sensitivity analysis of the materials and energy consumption of the door module components,when the steel door module front door inner plate stamping cold rolled steel B,the front door inner plate uncoiling cold rolled steel B,and the aluminum door module rear door inner plate aluminum alloy A,and the front door inner plate aluminum alloy B decrease by 10%,GWP decreases by 0.67%,0.67%,4.32%,and 2.84%,respectively.When the power consumption during the operation and use phase decreases by 10%,GWP decreases by 7.32% and4.96% in the two schemes.It can be seen that the inner panel and running power consumption of the door module are highly sensitive to the GWP of the door module.