Potential Hazard Perception Assessment Of Drivers Based On Real Vehicle Test

Driver hazard perception refers to a driver’s capacity to identify and anticipate road hazards and traffic conditions and is closely associated with traffic accidents.In light of this fact,analyzing drivers’ perceived characteristics and investigating their risk perception process when confronted with potential hazards holds substantial significance in enhancing drivers’ hazard perception and reducing accident rates.After comprehensively summarizing domestic and foreign research on risk perception measurement and the establishment of potential danger scenarios.Eye movement parameters were collected from 16 inexperienced and 18 experienced drivers,with fixation and saccade characteristics analyzed through mathematical statistics under overt(scenarios of non-motor vehicle and bus ahead)and covert(scenarios of parallel overtaking and crossing)hazard conditions.Additionally,Markov Chain analysis was conducted to examine gaze distribution patterns and transfer modes under various hazardous scenarios,calculating the stationary distribution probability of each region.To comprehensively evaluate drivers’ hazard perception under different potential hazard scenarios,suitable evaluation indexes were selected based on comprehensive evaluation objectives,and the grey near-optimal comprehensive evaluation model was employed.Finally,improvement suggestions and measures were proposed.The main findings of this study are as follows:(1)Inexperienced drivers have longer processing time for visual information,more significant visual load,and poor understanding of hazard situations.However,there is no significant difference in the proportion of fixation duration,fixation reaction time and horizontal spread of fixations of inexperienced and experienced drivers when the danger source is overt.Conversely,when the hazard source is not easily identifiable,inexperienced drivers often find it challenging to recognize its impact on driving safety,whereas experienced drivers can quickly locate and maintain their attention on the hazard source.Moreover,compared to inexperienced drivers,experienced drivers are better equipped to conduct a more comprehensive search of the driving environment,as well as to observe the road ahead more extensively.(2)Both inexperienced and experienced drivers will immediately focus on the road ahead after paying attention to the non-forward visual field information.However,inexperienced drivers ignore the traffic information far ahead,vehicles on both sides,pedestrians,and other potentially dangerous areas after observing the rear environment.In contrast,experienced drivers exhibit superior "looking ahead" and "looking left and right" behaviors while driving.They can also look in the rearview mirror when the front environment is complex.They can better search the environmental information on both sides when passing the intersection.(3)Inexperienced drivers are more sensitive to vehicle speed.Moreover,inexperienced drivers have a single visual search mode and weak sensitivity to potential environmental hazards.Experienced drivers’ visual search patterns can be adjusted according to potential hazard scenarios and have a stronger overall sense of the traffic environment.(4)Results reveal that inexperienced drivers receive lower average scores than experienced drivers across various scenarios.Specifically,inexperienced drivers exhibit poorer performance in scenarios involving hidden dangers.There is no significant difference in the comprehensive performance of experienced drivers under the two types of potential hazard scenarios.The analysis of score differentials suggests that covert danger scenarios are more effective in revealing the disparity in risk perception between inexperienced and experienced drivers.