Study On The Pricing Of Electric Vehicle Battery Swapping Mode Based On Social Welfare And Supply Chain Perspective

The battery swapping mode of electric vehicles can effectively shorten the replenishment time of electric energy and relieve mileage anxiety.At the same time,centralized and unified battery management promotes the improvement of battery recycling systems.Battery swapping mode has become a significant research domain that responds to the "low-carbon" policy from the government and promotes the development of the electric vehicle industry.However,the high construction cost and insufficient infrastructure in the broader area have led to low consumer acceptance.The government subsidy that constructs the battery swapping infrastructure is an effective method to attract new consumers,which makes more companies choose to join the field of battery swapping mode to improve efficiency.There are three critical issues that both governments and enterprises urgently need to address: How to fully leverage the inherent attractiveness of battery swapping mode to consumers,how to maintain sustainable competitiveness in the fiercely competitive electric vehicle landscape,and how to accelerate the expansion of the potential battery swapping mode market.These three points also constitute the primary focus of this research.Subsequently,this thesis based on game theory to investigate the following questions:(ⅰ)Whether government subsidies for battery swapping infrastructure are conducive to maximizing social welfare and whether they have an impact on battery charging mode;(ⅱ)Whether there is a reasonable range of subsidies for battery swapping infrastructure to promote the development of the EV market;(ⅲ)Whether the opportunity cost of consumer time,the size of the highly time-sensitive consumer group,and the difference in waiting time for service will combine to affect the battery charging and swapping market;(ⅳ)Whether the number of batteries and the residual value have the same impact on the optimal decision and profitability in the case where the automaker and the battery supplier dominate the operation of the battery swapping station respectively;(ⅴ)Whether there is a reasonable pricing strategy for the battery swapping mode in the supply chain perspective that can bring "win-win" conditions for both the automaker and the battery supplier;(ⅵ)Whether it is beneficial for automakers and battery suppliers to increase their respective profits by dominating the operation of the battery swapping stations separately.In this thesis,corresponding mathematical models are established for both the perspective of social welfare and the perspective of supply chain decisions.The following conclusions are obtained through solving and analyzing:(ⅰ)Subsidy from the government can effectively improve the construction level of switching stations and maximize social welfare,but there is a threshold for its subsidy.That the subsidy is too low will lead to subsidy failure,and too high will lead to uneven resource allocation and thus endanger the status of the battery charging mode;(ⅱ)The opportunity cost of consumers’ time,the size of highly time-sensitive consumer groups,and the difference in waiting time for service will have a positive impact on providers of battery swapping service while a negative impact on providers of battery charging service;(ⅲ)The centralized management of batteries and the real-time monitoring on health status of battery are conducive to battery recycling and cascade utilization,so as to realize value-added management and value maximization of the life cycle.In addition,the change in profitability caused by the increase in the number of batteries is more sensitive under the dominance of automakers than under the dominance of battery suppliers;(ⅳ)The pricing strategy under the dominance of automakers will affect the profitability of battery manufacturers who are in the upstream,and maintaining a reasonable pricing range can achieve a win-win situation;(ⅴ)When the companies in the supply chain with greater power of markets seize the operation of the battery swapping stations,the plundering of the profit caused by supply chain will be intensive,and the companies have the highest income when they are in a dominant position.