Research On Optimization Of Fire Evacuation Path In Subway Stations Based On FDS And Ant Colony Algorithm

Subway is the main means of transportation in large and medium-sized cities.With the construction of subways in China on a large scale,the subway fire safety problem is becoming more and more serious and complicated.In recent years,casualties caused by subway fires still occur from time to time,and the inability to evacuate reasonably and effectively inside the subway is the main factor causing casualties.Therefore,the ability to efficiently plan a safe evacuation path during a subway fire is an effective way to reduce casualties and is an urgent problem to be solved.In this thesis,we use FDS fire numerical simulation software and ant colony algorithm to study the evacuation route planning in subway station fires,establish a fire monitoring model,study three types of safe evacuation risk indicators of visibility,carbon monoxide concentration and temperature,and improve the ant colony algorithm,combine the evacuation risk indicators,put forward the ideas and methods of planning dynamic evacuation routes,and get the best evacuation The optimal evacuation routes were obtained under different fire conditions.(1)Through FDS fire simulation software,a subway station fire monitoring model was established,four different locations of fire source scenarios were set up,and the impact of parameters such as visibility,carbon monoxide and temperature on safe evacuation under different fire source locations were compared and analyzed through simulation results,and the available safe evacuation time of each key point(stairs,safety exits)was determined,and the three types of Tecplot were used to The safety limit values of evacuation indicators were coupled using Tecplot.The results show that visibility has the greatest impact on evacuation in this fire source situation,followed by carbon monoxide concentration and finally temperature.And by slicing and measuring points,the available evacuation time of stairs and safety exits in different fire situations is derived.(2)The classical use of the ant colony algorithm is analyzed,and by considering the physical factors of the evacuation scenario in the safety evacuation and the selection of the evacuation path by the density of personnel,the idea and method of setting the influence coefficient formula for the optimization of the ant colony algorithm are proposed,and a mathematical model more applicable to the evacuation path planning of subway stations is established.(3)Combined with the FDS simulation results,a raster map is established by combining the maps of the coupled three types of index limits and the subway station maps,and a subway station personnel simulation platform is established by Matlab.Under each working condition,the map will be refreshed with a frequency of 90 s and combined with the passable time of stairs and safety exits to simulate the dynamic optimal path of personnel evacuation in case of fire in the subway station under different working conditions.The research results of this thesis can provide reference for developing safe and efficient escape plans to reduce casualties in case of fire,and provide reference for pre-planning evacuation plans for subway stations,and hopefully provide ideas for subsequent studies of this kind.This article has a total of 63 figures,10 tables,and 62 references.