Scenic Aesthetic Evaluation And Enhancement Method Of Autumn Scenic Forest Landscape Based On Tourists’ Preference

Forest park is the core carrier of ecological construction,and scenic forest is the material basis of forest park.Scenic forest refers to a type of forest that enhances its visual effect,artistry and cultural connotation through landscape design and management of the forest,so as to achieve various purposes such as tourism and sightseeing,leisure and entertainment,education and science popularization.The construction of scenic forest is an important part of the current ecological civilization construction,and also an important means to promote tourism development and rural revitalization.However,in the existing forest park scenic forest planning and design in China,the landscape construction plan is mainly decided by the personal subjective feelings of expert groups,design experience and professional knowledge of value aesthetics,and almost rarely considers the consumption needs and experience preferences of tourists,lacking aesthetic basis from tourists and insufficient objectivity and representativeness.How to improve the aesthetic value of the landscape of the scenic forest and realize the optimization and management of the landscape under the premise of protecting the forest ecology and satisfying the leisure and entertainment needs of tourists is still a pressing problem to be solved.In this study,Nanjing Qixia Mountain Forest Park was used as the study area,and the data sources were the current situation field survey data of the scenic forest in November 2020,aerial photography data of DJI PHANTOM 4 PRO drone on November 20,2020,questionnaire survey data in April 2021,and Ctrip big data from October 2020 to December 2022.Qixia Mountain autumn scenic forest scenic beauty evaluation and enhancement methods were studied.The research mainly includes:using the landscape quality quantification method,analyzing the landscape color and forest structure characteristics of Qixia Mountain autumn scenic forest;mining tourists’preferences through convolutional neural network,SD semantic analysis,and kernel density analysis,and constructing the autumn scenic forest landscape quality evaluation system;combining with the best viewpoint selection method,using the beauty degree evaluation method,analyzing the main factors affecting the beauty degree of autumn scenic forest landscape Combined with the best viewpoint selection method,the main factors affecting the scenic beauty of autumn scenic forest were analyzed by using the evaluation method of scenic beauty,and a multiple linear regression scenic beauty evaluation model was constructed;combined with the scenario simulation,the feasibility of the operation of the target tree optimization method was revealed by comparing before and after the implementation plan of transformation optimization.This study mainly obtained the following results:（1）Qixia Mountain scenic forest type was mainly vertical depression type,garden type landscape was scattered,followed by open type scenic forest,sparse type and horizontal depression type scenic forest landscape type was very rare.From the spatial structure index,the average M of Qixia Mountain was 0.597,which indicates that the distribution of the same tree species in Qixia Mountain has a certain aggregation,the distribution of different tree species was more uniform,and the spatial isolation of tree species was high;the W>0.517,which indicated that the horizontal distribution pattern of Qixia Mountain landscape forest was aggregated distribution;the U was 0.45 which indicates that the size differentiation of forest tree diameter at breast height in Qixia Mountain was more obvious.（2）The spatial distribution type of landscape color in Qixia Mountain was mainly aggregation type,and the overall landscape color patch type was diversified,and each color patch showed strong spatial heterogeneity and mosaic characteristics and interpenetration.The landscape color types increase in"early autumn-late autumn",the degree of landscape color fragmentation increases,and each landscape color type was distributed in a balanced trend.From the spatial pattern distribution of landscape color attributes,scenic forests with high color phase values span the southwest-central-northeast region of Qixia Mountain,while scenic forests with low color phase values were mainly located in the southeast and northwest local areas.Scenic forests with high landscape color saturation values were distributed in the central region of Qixia Mountain and extended to the south and north respectively,while the landscape color saturation values in the western and northeastern regions were lower.Scenic forests with high landscape color brightness values were distributed in the eastern region,with higher landscape brightness values in the southeastern region and lower landscape brightness values in the north-central-south area.（3）Based on the Ctrip big data platform and questionnaire data,the landscape color preference,viewing distance preference,viewing angle preference,tree trunk shape preference,color type preference,and viewing type preference of tourists were determined.Based on the analysis of tourists’preference,a scenic forests degree of beauty evaluation index system was constructed,which consists of two parts:landscape visual acuity and landscape visual spatial sense.The visual acuity of the landscape under the ground perspective preference of tourists was mainly composed of two parts:forest morphological elements and visual form elements,mainly including six indicators such as forest diameter,main color of leaves,trunk bending form,proportion of colored leaf species,depression degree,deciduous coverage,etc.The visual spatial sense of the landscape under the aerial perspective preference of tourists was mainly composed of three parts:external morphological elements,psychological elements and behavioral elements,mainly including topographic changes,forest cover,landscape combination,landscape contrast,human landscape,human recreation behavior.（4）Based on the scenic forest landscape degree of beauty evaluation system,the scenic forest landscape degree of beauty evaluation model under the viewpoint of tourists’preference was constructed by combining the best viewpoint selection method with tourists’preference.The beauty of the ground perspective of the color-leaved forest was strongly influenced by the average diameter at breast height（DBH）,the main color of the leaves,the ratio of color-leaved tree species,the canopy width and the fallen leaf coverage,the SBE model was SBE₁=1.881+0.213₁-0.336₂+1.196₄+0.33₅+0.469₆.（3）The main factors influencing the beauty of color-leaved forest from the aerial perspective are terrain changes,forest coverage,landscape composition,landscape contrast,the condition of human landscape,and the recreation frequency,the SBE model was SBE₂=0.29-0.146₇+1.118₈+0.162₉+0.405₁₀+1.364₁₁.（5）By managing the landscape forest with the target tree optimization method,the beauty value of the stand increased from 0.098 to 0.219,which was a significant increase,and to some extent,adjusted the overall stand hue and posture and improved the landscape aesthetic value of the whole stand.The changes of mixedness（M）,angular scale（W）,and size ratio（U）of the optimized stand were 1.17%,-6.15%,and 2.22%,respectively,with a better degree of segregation,and the stand developed in the direction of random distribution and increased growth dominance of target trees.The color patch density index（PD）and color patch diversity index（SHDI）were 0.24 and 2.12,respectively,with no change after the scenic forest scenic beauty enhancement.And the color patch fragmentation index（LFI）changed from 0.66 before optimization to 0.62,with a small decrease.The study shows that the combination of the scenic beauty evaluation method of tourists’preference mining,the best viewpoint selection and the target tree optimization method can build a scenic beauty evaluation system of the autumn scenic forest that is more in line with tourists’viewing perspectives,and can effectively improve the scenic beauty of the autumn scenic forest.