Low Carbon Scheduling Of Integrated Energy Systems Considering Carbon Capture And Demand Response

Currently,the majority of carbon emissions in our country come from the energy industry.In order to achieve the "dual carbon" goals,it is necessary to promote the transformation of highcarbon emitting energy industries towards low-carbonization.The emergence of integrated energy systems effectively integrates multiple energy sources,breaking down barriers to the development of a single energy source.By harnessing the complementary advantages of various energy sources,both energy efficiency and carbon emissions can be reduced.Therefore,this paper focuses on the coordination of adjustable resources on both the supply and demand sides of the cold-heat-power-gas integrated energy system to accommodate and coordinate the intermittent output of wind and solar energy,aiming to improve the system’s economic and lowcarbon performance.Themain contents are as follows:(1)Establishing the system architecture and mathematical models for the coupling devices in the cold-heat-power-gas integrated energy system.The carbon capture and storage(CCS)power plants for low-carbon operation on the supply side are modeled and analyzed,investigating the mechanisms of carbon capture in these plants.The operating principles of bypass and solventbased CCS power plants are analyzed,along with an examination of the characteristics of the comprehensive and flexible operation of CCS power plants adopted in this paper.Furthermore,the demand response resources on the demand side are categorized,and the impact of demand response resources on the low-carbon performance of the system is studied.By analyzing the low-carbon control principles on both the supply and demand sides,this provides a theoretical foundation for the proposed low-carbon optimization scheduling of the integrated energy system.(2)A scheduling optimization model is proposed that considers the coordinated operation of a comprehensive and flexible carbon capture and storage(CCS)power plant with power-to-gas(P2G)equipment.Building upon this coordinated operation,the model incorporates hydrogen storage and hydrogen fuel cells(HFC)for the rational utilization of hydrogen energy.By introducing hydrogen storage,it is possible to provide hydrogen energy to HFC during peak load periods,thereby increasing the system’s electrical and thermal supply.By exploring different operating modes,the study investigates the impact of rational utilization of carbon capture and hydrogen energy on the system’s economic and low-carbon performance.The results indicate that the synergistic operation of CCS power plants and HFC can effectively reduce system carbon emissions,increase the integration of wind and solar power,and enhance the economic efficiency of system operation.Additionally,the study analyzes the effects of fixed carbon trading and tiered carbon trading mechanisms on the system.The results show that the tiered carbon trading mechanism can reduce the system’s carbon footprint and improve its economic efficiency.By analyzing the impacts of different carbon trading prices,price growth rates,and interval lengths under the tiered carbon trading mechanism,it is demonstrated that setting reasonable carbon trading prices,growth rates,and interval lengths can enhance the system’s low-carbon performance.(3)Based on the principle of incentive-based demand response for peak shaving and valley filling in low-carbon operation,different case scenarios are set for analysis.The results of the case studies demonstrate that controlling the dispatchable resources on the demand side,in addition to the regulation on the supply side,can fully unleash the potential of low-carbon scheduling in the system.By studying the impact of P2G equipment capacity on the system’s economic and low-carbon performance,it is evident from the simulation results that setting an appropriate P2G equipment capacity can effectively increase the integration of wind and solar power,reduce system carbon emissions,and improve the economic efficiency of system operation.Furthermore,the analysis considers the effect of flue gas bypass on the system’s scheduling for carbon capture units.The results indicate that considering the increase in flue gas bypass ratio,the carbon capture capacity of the CCS power plant increases,leading to a reduction in system carbon emissions.This has a positive impact on the system’s low-carbon and economic operation.