Spatial Reorganization And Optimization Of Rural Residential Areas In Ecologically Sensitive Areas

With the improvement of China’s urbanization level,it is urgent to build a sound rural space governance system.To this end,the country has implemented a series of strategic layouts.Among them,the optimization of the pattern of rural residential areas is the core content of the strategic planning of rural revitalization and a key part of the planning of the village and town system.Compared with villages in plain areas,Luanchuan County,as a typical mountainous county,has relatively undulating terrain,low per capita arable land area,serious soil erosion and other ecologically sensitive problems,which make the contradiction between people and land in the county more prominent.Accurately summarizing the characteristics of the current situation of rural residential areas in mountainous counties,and optimizing and reorganizing the main problems will help alleviate the problems of excessive urban-rural gap and uncoordinated urban-rural areas in ecologically sensitive areas.In this context,this paper takes Luanchuan County,Luoyang City,Henan Province as the research area,takes central place theory,growth pole theory and point-axis theory as the theoretical basis,and integrates rural residential area data,village census data,DEM data,Gaode Map data and other POI data,use GIS to construct evaluation index system,grid cost unit,combined with gravity model,kernel density analysis method,cost distance and other methods,analyze the rural residential areas in Luanchuan County from the dual scale of administrative villages and rural residential areas The morphological characteristics,recombination strategies and optimization goals of research shows:(1)The scale distribution of rural residential areas in Luanchuan County as a whole obeys the order-scale law,and the phenomenon of "swinging tails" in a small number of residential areas is intensified.The spatial distribution of rural residential areas has obvious directional characteristics of county towns,central towns,and main roads.The spatial distribution characteristics of small-scale agglomeration and large-scale dispersion centered on county towns,central towns,national highways,and provincial highways have formed;According to the analysis of the landscape pattern of rural residential areas,the density and shape index of rural residential areas decreased,and the average area and standard deviation of area increased,indicating that the spatial distribution of rural residential areas tended to be scattered in recent years,the shape of residential areas became more regular,and the differences in size The number of scattered small settlements increased.The center of the standard deviation ellipse of the rural settlement system fluctuates over time,and the county-level rural settlement system gradually migrates from northwest to southeast.Combined with the global clustering test and spatial hotspot detection analysis,there is a relatively obvious spatial positive correlation in the rural residential system of Luanchuan County,and the hotspots of rural residential areas are mainly concentrated in the county town,Sanchuan Town,Tantou Town,Lengshui Town,Qiuba Town The township is the center of the convenient transportation area,while the central and northern parts of the county,which are far away from the main transportation line,become the cold spot area.(2)This paper proposes a dual-scale analysis framework for villages and rural settlements.On the village scale,indicators were constructed to identify central villages from the three aspects of population,land,and industry.The research shows that central villages are mainly concentrated in counties,towns,traffic lines,and scenic spots.All these elements,and the dividend of population development is high,the land use is coordinated and balanced,and the industrial development trend is strong.On the scale of rural settlements,nine types of spatial combinations of rural settlements were identified by using kernel density estimation and accessibility analysis.The rural settlements of sexual type are scattered and scattered,and most of them are located near the junction of county towns and towns and in the northern border area of counties.Based on this,the characteristics of different types of rural residential areas are summarized,and four types of rural residential areas are further divided: relocation and amalgamation,characteristic protection,urban-suburban integration,and agglomeration promotion.Development directions and corresponding development priorities are proposed for different types of residential areas.(3)In terms of space optimization,according to the scope of influence of the central village,it is recommended to rationally merge or relocate rural residential areas of the type of relocation and merger to rural communities with better industries and infrastructure.Combining the regional characteristics and common characteristics of rural residential areas such as urban-suburban integration,agglomeration promotion,and characteristic protection,build a new type of rural community with urban-rural integration centered on Luanchuan County,Lengshui,Tantou and other towns,and Sanchuan,Miaozi,Baitu,etc.Potential improvement areas centered on townships,and ecological service areas in townships such as Qiuba,Chitu,and Lion Temple.According to the accessibility of different areas in Luanchuan County,the core service radius,potential service radius and edge service radius are divided,and the corresponding development strategies for rural areas are put forward in combination with different functional areas.In summary,this paper comprehensively analyzes the socioeconomic factors and spatial effects of villages,and considers the interaction between villages,and proposes a new method for determining the type of rural settlements based on the combination of density-accessibility characteristics.The research results have important practical significance for guiding the structural adjustment of rural settlements.It provides a scientific basis for the planning of the village and town system and the structural adjustment of rural residential areas under the background of urban-rural transformation and rural revitalization.