The Optimization Study Of Pedestrian Facilities Planning In Rail Transit Stations Considering Pedestrian Heterogeneity

Urban rail transit has become the backbone of the urban comprehensive transportation network system by virtue of its incomparable advantages such as high speed,large volume,punctuality,high efficiency and energy saving,and less interference.With the rapid increase in the demand for urban public transportation and the continuous expansion of the scale of the rail transit network,the number of urban rail transit stations has also increased year by year.However,how to rationally arrange the passage facilities in the station,optimize the passenger flow organization in the station,and refine the construction of rail transit stations have become an important issue in the organization of rail transit.In the current process of optimizing the layout of urban rail transit station facilities,the traffic capacity of various types of traffic facilities is usually valued according to the specifications,and the influence of the heterogeneity of pedestrians in the station on the traffic capacity is rarely considered,which leads to the flow of passengers on the line.The traffic capacity does not match the demand of passenger flow,the utilization of facilities and equipment is low,and resources are wasted.Therefore,this paper takes the passage facilities in the rail transit station as the research object,combined with the goals of improving the pedestrian’s rail travel experience,reducing the construction cost of the station and the utilization balance of the station facilities.The optimization of the passage facilities of rail transit stations under the influence of pedestrian flow characteristics,mainly made the following work:(1)In the aspect of pedestrian behavior characteristics of urban rail transit,the dynamics of pedestrians in rail transit is analyzed,the motion characteristics of pedestrians are introduced from macro and micro levels,and the important parameters of pedestrian motion characteristics are analyzed.The concepts of heterogeneity and pedestrian heterogeneity are expounded,the common pedestrian heterogeneity factors are classified and summarized,and the pedestrian heterogeneity factors are described in the form of collection.The meaning of pedestrian heterogeneity index and the relationship between pedestrian heterogeneity and pedestrian heterogeneity index are introduced,and the basis for selecting pedestrian heterogeneity index is pointed out.(2)In the aspect of pedestrian dynamics simulation,five common pedestrian dynamics simulation models are compared and evaluated,and the cellular automata simulation model is selected as the basic model for subsequent research.Based on the cellular automata model,four kinds of field simulation models,including passage,staircase,gate and escalator,are constructed.Based on the pedestrian survey data,the paper analyzes the pedestrian heterogeneity of each traffic facility and selects the appropriate index as the model input.Finally,based on the four simulation models,the physical parameters of the facility are adjusted to get the function of the facility capacity,average delay function and so on.(3)In terms of the optimization of the traffic facilities allocation of rail transit stations,this paper expounds the core ideas of optimization.Three kinds of pedestrian streamlines are analyzed and described by undirected graph,and the rationality of facility layout is evaluated by the intensity of streamline conflict.Taking the cost of passenger time,the cost of facility construction and the comprehensive benefit of the equilibrium utilization of facility as the objective function,this paper sets up the optimization model of rail transit facility,which is different from the previous study on the cost of passenger time and the capacity of facility.It overcomes the problem of treating pedestrians as homogeneous pedestrians,and complements the advantages of simulation method and numerical analysis method.(4)Taking Chengdu New South Gate Station as an example,the results show that the proposed traffic facility optimization model can fully consider the matching between actual traffic capacity and passenger flow under the influence of pedestrian heterogeneity.On the premise of ensuring the time cost of passengers,reduce the construction cost of the station and balance the utilization rate of the station facilities.Reflect the practicability of the optimization model of urban rail transit facilities.The simulation results show that the optimization model proposed in this paper is more in line with the actual operation of the station,and can provide a theoretical basis and reference for the configuration of rail transit stations in the process of planning,design and construction.