| As one of the main sources of carbon emissions in cities,transportation has always been a difficult issue to face under the "double carbon" target and the construction of a strong transportation country.The advantages of electric vehicles,such as energy saving and emission reduction,have solved the problems of transportation carbon emission and environmental degradation to a certain extent,which makes electric vehicle travel strongly supported by governments.The willingness to travel by electric vehicles is the behavior intention of green and low-carbon travel,and is also the inner driving force of the decision mechanism of travel choice behavior.Guiyang City is a typical mountainous city with high mountains and steep slopes,and the topographic conditions of urban areas and residential neighborhoods vary greatly.The special topographic features make the urban road conditions vary significantly,and the residents have different tolerance for road conditions and slopes,and are prone to solidify their own travel patterns,which may cause different willingness of residents to travel with electric vehicles,especially the perceived differences in the willingness of residents to travel with electric vehicles under different slopes.The impact of the difference in residents’ perceptions on the willingness to travel by electric vehicles under different slopes needs to be sorted out.Therefore,revealing the intrinsic correlation between residents’ willingness to travel by electric vehicles and their perceptions in mountainous cities can help to understand the influence mechanism of residents’ willingness to travel by electric vehicles and provide a theoretical basis for city managers to guide residents to choose electric vehicles to travel,so as to improve the urban transportation system.In summary,based on the research data of urban residents’ willingness to travel by electric vehicles in Guiyang city,based on the theory of planned behavior and technology acceptance model,introducing satisfaction with charging stations,perception of road traffic conditions and environmental awareness,and using structural equation modeling and fuzzy set qualitative comparison analysis methods to identify single factors and group paths that affect residents’ willingness to travel by electric vehicles,new entry point for stimulating residents’ willingness to travel by electric vehicle and sustainable urban transport development in mountainous areas.The main findings are as follows:(1)Residents’ willingness to travel by electric vehicles in the central city of Guiyang is not high in general,with an average score of 3.11.The willingness to travel is not strong,and there is still much room for improvement;residents’ enthusiasm in encouraging others to travel by electric vehicles needs to be improved.(2)In the path analysis of the structural equation model,subjective norms,perceptual behavior control,attitudes,satisfaction with charging stations,perceived usefulness,and environmental awareness had a significant positive effect on residents’ willingness to travel by electric vehicle,while perception of road traffic conditions had a significant negative effect on residents’ willingness to travel by electric.There were differences in the degree of influence of the variables,and the total effect of influence was characterized by perceived behavioral control(0.433)>environmental awareness(0.407)> subjective norms(0.309)>satisfaction with charging stations(0.283)> attitude(0.250)> perceived road traffic conditions(-0.215)> perceived usefulness(0.200)>perceived ease of use(0.073).(3)The effect of perceived road traffic conditions on residents’ willingness to travel by electric vehicles varies under different slopes.In the low and medium slope(slope between 1% and 15.63%),the perception of road traffic conditions does not significantly affect the residents’ willingness to travel by electric vehicles;in the high slope(slope >15.63%),the residents’ perception of road traffic conditions significantly affects the willingness to travel by electric vehicles.In addition,the awareness of environmental protection has a strong influence on residents’ willingness to travel with electric vehicles at low slope;at medium slope,perceptual behavior control does not influence residents’ willingness to travel with electric vehicles,while environmental awareness and perceived usefulness do not have a significant effect on willingness to travel at high slope.(4)Multi-cluster analysis shows that groups of different ages and education levels differ significantly in the paths of influence on the willingness to travel by electric vehicles.Youth groups and highly educated groups,with publicity and education and long-term knowledge accumulation,are more likely to be influenced by environmental awareness,perceived usefulness and subjective norms as a way to restrain their travel behavior and stimulate their willingness to travel by electric vehicles.(5)The group analysis yielded four types of combined path types of strong electric vehicle travel intention,namely,attitude dominant,perceived ease of use,perceptual behavior control,and perceived road traffic conditions,with an overall coverage of 0.731.Different paths portrayed different groups,and the formation of residents’ high electric vehicle travel intention was the result of intertwined interactions between variables,not a simple linear relationship,revealing the The complexity of factors influencing the willingness to travel by electric vehicles.Among them,environmental awareness and subjective norms become important core conditions that trigger residents’ willingness to travel by electric vehicles.It is also found that when residents feel strong perceptions of road traffic conditions and lack of perceived ease of use,as long as they have certain environmental awareness,plus enjoy preferential policies for electric vehicle travel,and with the assistance of charging station satisfaction,they can stimulate their willingness to choose electric vehicle travel,which is an important guideline for urban planning and charging station layout.Based on the results of the study and field survey,this paper makes the following recommendations to improve residents’ willingness to take electric vehicles and sustainable urban development,as follows:(1)Scientific and reasonable planning of charging station layout to improve the perceived ease of use of residents.The layout of charging stations should be planned in an integrated manner,and development plans should be made to suit local conditions and form a "multi-group" development model,with emphasis on the charging needs of residents in work and residential areas.(2)Improve the charging ecology and enhance the satisfaction of residents’ charging stations.At the same time,it is necessary to strengthen the management of charging stations,and the relevant departments should increase the supervision and punishment for the situation that charging spaces are occupied,so as to improve the utilization rate of public resources.(3)Enhance perceptual behavior control and perceived usefulness.It should continue to expand the advantages of electric vehicles such as energy saving,environmental protection and comfort,focus on solving the pain points of residents in the process of using electric vehicles,improve the supporting facilities,reduce the difficulty of travel and improve travel satisfaction.(4)Create a green travel atmosphere in all aspects.To focus on the cultivation of residents’ environmental awareness,enhance the sense of social responsibility,and actively guide residents to green low-carbon travel,at the same time,continue to continue the preferential policies related to electric vehicle travel to improve the subjective normative effect perception of residents.To reasonably formulate corresponding measures for the needs of different groups,residents who have been using traditional fuel cars for a long time should pay attention to the cultivation of environmental awareness;for those who go to work,they should improve their satisfaction with charging stations and perceived ease of use;for those with higher education and income,they should improve their perceptual behavior control perception,only then can they form a lasting willingness to travel by electric vehicles and help the sustainable development of transportation. |
