The Research On Intelligent Navigation System For Total Hip Arthroplasty,Total Knee Arthroplasty And Femoral Intramedullary Nail Surgery

With the rapid development of the medical industry,more and more new technologies have been applied to the medical field,including significant advances in surgical navigation systems.Currently,although there are many advanced navigation systems in the field of orthopedic surgery,most are foreign large-scale surgical robot navigation systems.The high prices of these advanced navigation systems make surgery costs prohibitively expensive.To lower costs while achieving good navigation results,the development of a series of orthopedic surgical navigation instruments is of great social and clinical significance.For research on the series of orthopedic surgical navigation instruments,based on analysis of the procedures and surgical operations involved in total hip arthroplasty(THA),total knee arthroplasty(TKA),and intramedullary nailing of the femur,this paper focuses on the precise installation of the acetabular prosthesis in THA,the accurate determination of the proximal femoral resection plane in TKA,and the problem of inaccurate positioning of the distal intramedullary nail hole in femoral intramedullary nailing.Through modeling analysis,simulation analysis,error analysis,and other methods,the relationship between the installation position and posture angle of the acetabular prosthesis,the position relationship between the femoral proximal resection line and the femoral anatomy axis,and the cause of inaccurate positioning of the intramedullary nail distal hole were determined.Based on the identified positioning relationship and error reasons,corresponding navigation systems were established,and corresponding programs were written.The structural design of the navigation instrument packaging and its matching device were carried out to enable the navigation instrument to function.Finally,experimental research was conducted on the three navigation instruments.The results showed that the external rotation angles of the hip joint navigation instrument and the forward inclination error were within 0.5° and 1° respectively,which can assist doctors in accurately positioning the installation position of the acetabular prosthesis.Through simulated comparative experiments,it was found that the use of the hip joint navigation instrument could improve the accuracy of the acetabular prosthesis positioning in surgery.The knee joint navigation instrument can meet the usage requirements of patients with different physiological structures,and using the knee joint navigation instrument can improve the accuracy of the femoral proximal resection line positioning.The simulated surgical experiment results of the intramedullary nail navigation instrument showed that when positioning the distal hole of the intramedullary nail,the error in the Z direction was within 2mm,and the error in the X direction was within 1.5mm,which can improve the accuracy of the positioning of the distal intramedullary nail hole.At the same time,future research directions are proposed.The hip joint navigation instrument designed in this paper did not consider the patient’s pelvic motion during surgery.If pelvic motion can be taken into account,it can improve navigation effectiveness.The addition of inward navigation in the sagittal plane would be useful for the knee joint navigation instrument.The deformation of the intramedullary nail in the medullary cavity has not been deeply studied,and further research on its deformation may help achieve more accurate hole positioning.