The Impact Of The Wind Farm’s Construction On Birds In The Hilly Terrain Of North Guangxi

Traditional fossil fuel,as a non-renewable energy source,can cause the environmental pollution.Therefore,wind energy,as a pollution-free renewable energy source,plays an important role in the future’s development.As a region with relatively scarce fossil fuel,the importance of wind energy’s development in Guangxi is immediately obvious.According to the investigate results of wind resources in Guangxi,northern Guangxi has abundant reserves of wind resources.In addition,an important migration channel for migratory birds in central China passes through the northern area of Guangxi,making it highly important in terms of ecological environment protection and energy development.In2020-2022,we collected the bird data in research area by Line transect and Point transect.At the same time,we had searched the wind turbine area to collect the data of the bird’s collision with the wind turbine.According to the analysis of the data,we discussed the impact of the wind farm’s construction on birds.The main results are as follows:(1)The habitat composition types of the six wind farm construction areas in northern Guangxi are the same,with each habitat arranged in descending order according to its proportion:tree forest(53.13%),shrub(28.77%),farmland(10.81%),freshwater(3.79%),and residential area(3.41%).(2)A total of 147 species of birds were recorded,belonging to 13 orders,38 families.Passerine birds are the most abundant in species,with 24 families and 104 species.There are 43 species of non passerine birds,including 12 orders,13 families.Among the Passeriformes,the family Fantail Warbler is the most common,followed by the family Thrush,the family Thrush,and the family Warbler.Among non Passeriformes,Azaleidae birds are the most common,followed by Heronidae and Eagles.This study recorded 13species of national second-class protected animals.Among the 147 recorded birds,there are 93 species of resident birds,19 species of summer migratory birds,21 species of winter migratory birds,and 14 species of migratory birds,with the largest proportion of resident birds.The species distribution type is the most in the Eastern Ocean type,followed by the South China type.(3)The distribution of birds in the region is greatly influenced by habitat type s.The bird diversity in tree forests,shrubs,and farmland habitats is higher than th at in residential areas and freshwater water habitats.The abundance ranges from hig h to lowas follows:forests(13.03)>shrubs(10.54)>farmland(7.76)>freshwater(4.62)>resid ential areas(3.68);The diversity ranges from high to low as follows:forests(3.59)>shru bs(3.46)>farm-land(3.00)>freshwater(2.42)>residential areas(2.06);The evenness rang es from high to low as follows:shrubs(0.78)>forests(0.76)>farmland(0.73)>freshwat er(0.70)>residential areas(0.63);The Simpson index C of dominance from high to lo w is:residential area(0.18)>freshwater(0.14)>farmland(0.09)>shrub(0.05)>forest(0.04).(4)In this research,a total of 503 wind turbines were searched and inspected in a year,and 17 collision events were recorded.Based on this result,the probability of the collision in this year was 3.38%.Considering the special geographical conditions of mountain wind farms,the actual investigation scope could not fully cover the collision range of wind turbines,and there may be missed inspections.After correction,the probability of bird collisions on wind turbines in the wind farm was 14.02%.Moreover,no multiple bird collision events have been found at the same location.(5)The corpses and traces observed are located between 3.73-19.35m from the wind turbine’s body,with an average of 9.35m for the three wind farms,which are located just in the middle of the wind turbine’s fans.This proves the location of collision concentrates on the wind turbain’s main body to the fan blade.(6)Field measurements were conducted on 80 wind turbine platforms at 3 wind farms in the northern Guangxi,including Jinzishan Phase I and Phase II wind farms,Majia wind farm,and Shiwangutian wind farm.The permanent habitat loss of the wind turbine platform area was measured to be 63.00 m~2/unit.The permanent habitat loss area caused by the roads is 11.09×10~5m~2.Using the quadrat method to calculate vegetation coverage,the one-year coverage recovery rate is 31.80%,the two-year coverage recovery rate is 55.00%,the six-year coverage recovery rate is 57.14%,and the 11-year coverage recovery rate is78.75%.The covering and replanting measures after the completion of the wind farm construction have a positive effect on the environment.