| The carbon peak in 2030 and the carbon neutral target in 2060(hereinafter referred to as the "dual carbon" target)have pointed out the direction for the low-carbon transition of the power system.The "double carbon" target is a long way to go.and must be based on the actual situation in China,to develop a suitable technical route.The new energy represented by wind power and photovoltaic power generation is highly volatile,and as the proportion of new energy increases,the system needs more flexible adjustment of generating units to cooperate.Due to China’s "coal-rich,oil-poor,and gas-poor" energy resource endowment,coal-fired power generation will continue to dominate for a long period of time in the future,and will serve as an important adjustable and flexible resource to provide sufficient system flexibility for the penetration of high percentage of new energy sources.At present,China has built the world’s largest coal-fired power generation system with the highest level of technology,how to effectively utilize these high-efficiency units and synergize the units with different technical characteristics through market mechanisms,taking into account "development and emission reduction",so that they can serve the "double carbon" goal.It is a realistic issue that deserves attention.In this paper,the current situation,the economic characteristics and offer strategies of different coal-fired units are analyzed,and the coal consumption rate curves and unit cost and offer models reflecting their technical and economic characteristics are introduced.Based on the Starkberg master-slave game theory,a two-layer hybrid game model of market clearing with embedded cooperative game and non-cooperative game of coal-fired power producers is constructed.The model takes into account the technical characteristics of coal-fired units to accurately account for the carbon emissions of coal-fired units under different operating conditions.According to the proposed hybrid game model,we firstly solve the clearing model for market players,and then bring the clearing results into the slave trading decision model,and find the equilibrium solution of the unit strategy by improving the particle swarm algorithm,and then substitute the upper level clearing model for iterative optimization,and finally get the equilibrium solution of this hybrid game model.A power system with eight thermal power producers with different technical characteristics and different stages of new energy development is set as the background of the calculation,and the impact of the decisions of coal-fired power producers on the economic efficiency and carbon emissions of power producers in the context of the coupling of two markets and three markets is investigated from the system perspective respectively.The results show that,in terms of the behavioural strategy of coal-fired power producers,regardless of whether they participate in the carbon market or not,under the condition of low penetration of new energy sources,the cooperative strategy among power producers can balance the economic and environmental benefits of the system at the same time.When the penetration of new energy sources is high,the non-cooperative strategy between power producers has a better overall economic and carbon reduction effect.From the perspective of overall carbon emission of the system,after joining the carbon market,when the penetration rate of new energy is at low level and high level,the joining of carbon market brings negative impact on reducing carbon emission;when the penetration rate of new energy is at middle and high level,the joining of carbon market plays a great role in reducing carbon emission.Finally,relevant policy recommendations are proposed based on the research findings. |
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