Research On Virtual Power Plant Optimization And Revenue Distribution Strategy With Shared Energy Storage

With the increasingly serious problems of energy security and environmental crisis,the traditional energy structure dominated by fossil fuels needs to be changed,and it is imperative to transform the energy structure with renewable energy substitution as the main line and build a new power system with new energy as the main body.The report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out that "in-depth promotion of the energy revolution" and "ensuring energy security",strictly implementing the "Four Revolutions,One Cooperation"and securing the energy rice bowl,pointed out the direction for the development and reform of China’s energy industry.On January 29,2022,the National Development and Reform Commission and the National Energy Administration issued the "14th Five-Year Plan for Modern Energy System",which proposed to basically complete a modern energy system by 2035,accelerate the development of wind and photovoltaic power,vigorously promote the development of power-side energy storage,strengthen energy conservation and carbon reduction,and promote the transformation of "dual control" of energy and consumption to "dual control"of total carbon emission and intensity.Therefore,based on the nearly-zero carbon emission of electricity-hydrogen coupling VPP,this paper constructs a virtual power plant(VPP)operational optimization model with shared energy storage around the characteristics of wind power and photovoltaic power generation,and proposes a two-layer benefit allocation strategy of VPP and shared energy storage,the main research content is as follows.(1)This paper sorts out the current energy security situation and the current development status and challenges of renewable energy in the world and China,focuses on the role of distributed energy system research,explains the background and significance of this study,and demonstrates the necessity and feasibility of this study.The research status of the main content of this paper is summarized from three aspects:VPP,shared energy storage and VPP benefit allocation.(2)The VPP operational framework and internal unit mathematical model were constructed.Firstly,the mechanism of shared energy storage system is introduced,and the mathematical model of shared energy storage system is constructed.Secondly,the twosided mathematical model of VPP source and load is described,including wind and solar output uncertainty model,hydrogen power generation system model and load demand response model.Finally,a VPP participation in day-ahead-real-time two-stage market trading model was developed.(3)A day-ahead operational optimization scheduling model of electricity-hydrogen coupled VPP with shared energy storage considering multiple uncertainties of source and load is proposed.Firstly,the scenario generation reduction method and the cluster analysis method are used to deal with the uncertainty of the power supply side and the load side,and then,taking the maximum net operating income of the VPP as the optimized objective function,considering the balance of electricity and hydrogen energy flow and the operating constraints of each unit,the mixed integer linear programming problem is solved by MATLAB+YALMIP+CPLEX.Finally,after the comparative analysis of multiple typical scenarios and multi-unit combination scenarios,the effectiveness and applicability of the model are verified.(4)A real-time multi-objective operational optimization scheduling model of electricity-hydrogen coupled VPP with shared energy storage based on information gap decision theory is established.Firstly,considering the comprehensive uncertainty of wind and solar,the output deviation of renewable energy is determined from the two strategic directions of the gap decision theory of the information system.Then,the real-time operational optimization problem with the dual goals of maximum VPP operation benefit and minimum flexibility resource operation power is solved.Finally,the operational optimization results are compared and analyzed from the multi-dimensional perspectives of day-ago-real-time,risk avoidance-opportunity pursuit and scenario-scenario,so as to provide scheduling decision support for VPP operators with different risk preferences.(5)A two-layer benefit allocation model of electricity-hydrogen coupled VPP with shared energy storage is designed.Firstly,based on the basic Shapley value method,a twolayer benefit allocation strategy of upper VPP and lower shared energy storage is formulated.Then,considering the four key factors of economic contribution,scheduling flexibility,technology maturity and environmental friendliness,a two-layer Shapley value method benefit allocation strategy based on the cloud center of gravity method improvement is formulated.Finally,from the two strategic directions of risk avoidance and opportunity pursuit,the real-time operation benefits of the VPP are distributed,and the effectiveness of the formulated benefit allocation strategy and the incentive for the VPP participants are illustrated by examples.