Landscape Pattern Evolution And Driving Force Analysis Of Hailuogou Forest Park From 1999 To 2019

Hailuogou Forest Park is one of the only remaining low-altitude glaciers in the world and has important ecological,human and natural values.Analyzing the characteristics of the dynamic evolution of the landscape pattern of Hailuogou Forest Park is conducive to exploring the changes,causes and problems arising from the natural environment,human society and the landscape pattern in the past 20 years,and provides scientific approaches and management basis for the sustainable development of the scenic area.This paper divides the study area into six types of landscape land use: forest land,glaciers,other land use,construction land,water area and cultivated land.And based on the five Landsat satellite data sets in 1999,2004,2009,2014,and 2019,the support vector machine classification method was used to classify the images to obtain classified image data.Then,through the combination of land transfer matrix,landscape pattern index,quantitative and qualitative analysis,etc.,to comprehensively analyze the landscape pattern evolution and driving factors of Hailuogou Forest Park,the results show that:(1)In the past 20 years,the degree of disturbance to land use types by human activities has been on the rise.The change trend of land use type and area is mainly reflected in the conversion of glaciers to other land and forest land,the conversion of forest land and cultivated land to construction land,the conversion of other land to forest land,and the conversion of water areas to other land.Among the large patch types,the area of glacial land use change has been reduced most significantly.In 1999,the area of glaciers was 196.0101 square kilometers,which was reduced to 119.9574 square kilometers in 2019;Secondly,the construction land use change is obvious in the business district of Moxi ancient town,both sides of traffic roads and Hailuogou service area where human activities are concentrated.From the initial 0.4770 square kilometers in 1999 to 4.3917 square kilometers in 2019.(2)The overall landscape aggregation of Hailuogou Glacier Forest Park is relatively stable,but the dominance of glacier patches decreases,the richness of other patch types is higher and higher,the land use types are richer and richer,the patch shape is complex,the degree of landscape fragmentation shows an increasing trend,the landscape heterogeneity is higher and higher,and the landscape connectivity decreases.(3)Climate factors and human social activities jointly affect the evolution of the landscape pattern of Hailuogou Glacier forest park.Through the research,it is found that the general public budget investment,the number of visitors in Hailuogou scenic spot,the added value of primary industry,GDP,temperature and sunshine hours are the driving factors affecting the change of the landscape pattern in the study area,which leads to the enhancement of landscape fragmentation The connectivity between patches is the main factor for the decline,and human social activities are an important factor affecting the landscape change of construction land.(4)According to the analysis results of landscape pattern and driving force,the following suggestions are put forward for the management after Hailuo ditch:(1)aggregate fragmented patches to control the spread of fragmentation;(2)Strengthen the protection,transformation and upgrading of ecological corridors to improve patch connectivity;(3)Strengthen the control of human activity space and improve the sustainability of park development.