| Perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have the advantages of simple preparation process,low preparation cost and high photoelectric conversion efficiency(PCE).The high PCE of the device has reached the requirement of commercialization,but the stability of the device hinders its commercialization.Encapsulating is an essential process step to improve the stability of PSCs.Generally,the encapsulating process is accompanied by heat and pressure.Firstly,this paper studies the influence of heat and pressure on device performance.Based on the above research results,the encapsulating technology is expanded,the integration of carbon electrode transfer and encapsulating is realized,and a new type of solid encapsulating material of sugar was developed.The main contents of this paper are as follows:1.The effects of temperature and pressure on the device performance during encapsulating are discussed.The experimental results show that the performance of the device heated at 85 ℃ for 20 min can basically recover after being placed at room temperature for 40 h.As the heating temperature rises to 95 ℃ or 105 ℃,the lost performance of the device increases after heating,and it can’t be restored to the original performance after being left for a period of time,so the encapsulating temperature of the device should be around 85 ℃.In addition,when the device is heated at the same temperature,with the extension of heating time,the more the performance of the device is lost,the less the performance is restored.Vacuum lamination is a commonly used encapsulating method for PSCs.The pressure in the encapsulating process will not damage the performance of the device,but the heating temperature and encapsulating time are the key factors that affect the performance of the device.2.In this paper,the vacuum lamination method(lamination method)was developed to transfer carbon electrode,and the integration of carbon electrode transfer and encapsulating was realized.Compared with pneumatic pressing method and manual pressing method,the main reasons for the successful transfer of carbon electrode by laminating method are analyzed.Compared with pneumatic pressing method and manual pressing method,laminating method can complete the carbon electrode transfer of multiple devices at one time,and the repeatability of device performance is good.The PCE stability of three groups of devices,that is,transferring carbon electrode,transferring and encapsulating carbon electrode at one time,transferring carbon electrode first and then encapsulating the devices,was compared by lamination method.It was found that the application of integrating carbon electrode transfer and encapsulating in PSCs has a good development prospect.3.In this paper,a new type of solid encapsulating material(sugar-based material)and its corresponding encapsulating technology were developed to encapsulate PSCs.Firstly,the device was encapsulated with crystal sugar,and the stability of the device encapsulated with crystal sugar in light and light-dark state was tested.It was found that the stability of the device encapsulated with crystal sugar was obviously better than that of the device encapsulated with polyisobutylene(PIB)or polyolefin elastomer(POE)and no encapsulated.After testing,it is found that the light stability of the device can also be improved by the Ace sugar with similar properties to crystal sugar.Then,the influence of encapsulating materials on the thermal stability of the device is discussed,and it is found that the existence of encapsulating materials reduces the stability of the device.The encapsulating materials which were evaporated with gold film were heated at 85 ℃,the morphological changes of the gold film were observed by optical microscope.It was found that the encapsulating materials would deform during the heating process and damage the integrity of the gold film,which may be the main reason for the influence of encapsulating materials on the thermal stability of devices. |
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