Research On The Origin Of Cities And Prehistoric Ancient City Sites In Haidai Regio

Since the Neolithic period,Haidai area has nurtured a continuous and systematic regional culture: post Li culture-Beixin culture-Dawenkou culture-Longshan culture-Yueshi culture pedigree,which is the most complete and continuous area of prehistoric archaeological culture sequence in China.Since the birth of prehistoric city sites in the Haidai area of the late Dawenkou period,the development of city sites has been rapid,making it one of the first regions in China to enter the era of civilization.The number of prehistoric city sites is in a leading position in various regions of the country.With the emergence of super large scale city sites such as Yaowang City and Chengziya,it demonstrates that the early civilization development of the Haidai region played an extremely important role in the process of prehistoric history in China,effectively impacting the theory of the "Central Plains of China".From the discipline perspective of urban and rural planning,this thesis adopts the interdisciplinary integration method of archaeological literature citation,settlement archaeology,geographic information technology,etc.,to establish a geographical database of prehistoric city site settlements and environmental information in Haidai area,divide the preference of prehistoric settlement site selection,conduct structural research on the settlement city sites from Dawenkou to Yueshi,and analyze the origin of prehistoric city sites and the evolution of settlement structure in various periods.The main research findings are as follows:Firstly,by analyzing the buffering and stacking of prehistoric settlements and environmental factors,the preference of ancient people in the Haidai region for settlement site selection influencing factors was obtained.The preference for site selection influencing factors was evaluated and a settlement site preference model was generated.It was found that the prehistoric settlement site selection in the Haidai region was biased towards the foothills of the Taiyi Mountains and adjacent high plains,with the optimal distance within 500 meters from the water system;The second is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the structure of urban settlements in the Haidai region,studying the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics,hierarchical structure characteristics,and morphological structure characteristics of urban settlements during the period from Dawenkou to Yueshi,and summarizing the evolution process of urban settlements surpassing settlements in the Haidai region;The hierarchical structure of urban settlements has gone through three stages: the emergence of a four level system,the strengthening of central functions,and the degradation of hierarchical structure;The structure of urban site clusters has experienced an overall characteristic of coexisting from "central type" to "central type","double heart type","parallel type",and "parallel type";The emergence of super large city sites,advanced city building techniques,the construction of large buildings such as palaces,and the nearly square plane shape have made the appearance of city sites go beyond the practical scope of defense,reflecting the expression of cosmology and the establishment of political order.Through a phased study of the settlement location and structural characteristics of prehistoric city sites,this paper believes that physical geography factors are the environmental guarantee for the origin of city sites,the variation of social structure is the decisive factor for the transition of settlements to city sites,the improvement of agricultural production level provides material support for the origin of cities,and the emergence of religious rites is the specific manifestation of the rule of city sites.Looking at the splendid prehistoric city site civilization in the Haidai region,the development of the city site in the Haidai region has always been in line with the natural characteristics of mountains and rivers,forming a development structure centered around the Taiyi Mountains,presenting a centripetal development model.This not only demonstrates the development status of the Haidai civilization in the genealogy of Chinese civilization,but also lays the foundation for the development pattern of the Shandong region in later generations.