Theoretical And Experimental Research On The Application Of Carbon Neutralization Technology In Primary School Buildings

Carbon neutralization means that the carbon dioxide emissions generated in a certain period of time are absorbed through afforestation,energy conservation and emission reduction,to offset the positive and negative.Decarbonization,zero carbon and negative emissions are important ways to achieve carbon neutralization.In order to achieve the strategic goal of 2060 carbon neutrality,the responsibility of the construction field is to ensure the comfort of indoor thermal environment and achieve energy conservation and emission reduction of buildings;In addition,by changing the energy application structure of buildings through decarbonization,renewable energy is used to replace traditional fossil energy,reducing carbon emissions of buildings and promoting the development of clean energy and technology.Based on the review of domestic and foreign carbon neutral architecture literature,the basic theoretical research on carbon neutral design of buildings is summarized.Combined with the building case of a primary school in Wuxi,the application of carbon neutral technology of the building is explored by combining theoretical analysis,data statistics and numerical simulation.Based on the bill of quantities,the carbon emission of the whole life cycle is calculated,and the implementation path and suggestions of carbon emission reduction are proposed,so as to achieve zero carbon emission of the building;Then,carry out experimental research on the building’s photovoltaic power generation system,and verify that solar energy can replace fossil energy to achieve carbon neutralization of the building through the analysis of the annual power generation data.The main research work and results are as follows:1.Sort out the basic theoretical research on carbon neutral design of buildings,including four parts:（1）Relevant buildings and control indicators,introduce the differences and connections between green buildings,passive buildings and carbon neutral buildings,and propose carbon neutral building control indicators;（2）Building photovoltaic power generation system,according to the design principles and requirements of photovoltaic power generation system,summarize the problems to be considered in the design（3）Building life cycle assessment theory,introduces the concept,steps and methods of life cycle theory,introduces it into building assessment,divides the building life cycle into five stages:building materials production,building materials transportation,building construction,building operation,and building demolition,establishes a theoretical framework for building life cycle carbon emission assessment,clarifies the boundary of carbon emission accounting system and assessment functional units,and collates and summarizes various carbon emission factors;（4）Study the calculation method of carbon dioxide emissions in each phase of the whole life cycle of the building,identify the source and calculation formula of carbon emissions in each phase,and propose the calculation method of carbon emissions based on the bill of quantities.2.Based on the case of an administrative building of a primary school in Wuxi,the preliminary analysis of carbon neutral design strategy of the building was carried out:（1）PHOENICS was used to simulate and analyze the site wind environment and indoor natural ventilation,and the carbon emissions from building operation could be reduced by 6.26 t CO₂through reasonable opening of external windows for ventilation;（2）Cadna A is used to simulate and analyze the sound environment of the site and calculate the indoor background noise.A good sound environment is not only conducive to the health of personnel,but also can improve the thermal parameters of the enclosure in a disguised way,reducing the carbon emissions of the building operation by 4.56 t CO₂;（3）Use Ecotect to simulate and analyze indoor natural lighting,and make full use of natural lighting through reasonable setting of external windows,which can reduce 6.67 t CO₂ emissions from building operation;（4）Using EQUEST to simulate and analyze the building operation energy consumption,it is simulated that the annual energy consumption per unit area of the building is 32.27k Wh/（m²·a）,and the energy saving rate of the building body is 33.23%;（5）Based on the analysis of solar photovoltaic utilization of the building,through equipment selection and theoretical calculation,the photovoltaic power generation per unit area of the building is48.45 k Wh/m²,and it is preliminarily determined that the building is carbon neutral during operation.When comparing and analyzing the photovoltaic power generation of several construction projects,it is found that the error between the theoretical power generation and the actual power generation is large,which will have a great impact on the carbon neutral design of buildings.3.Carry out a life cycle carbon emission accounting analysis in combination with a primary school in Wuxi,and obtain the carbon emission and proportion of each stage and sub stage of the full life cycle.The total life cycle carbon emission of the building is 54093.43t CO₂,and the total life cycle carbon emission intensity is 28.81 kg CO₂/（m²·a）.Among them,the carbon emissions in the construction operation phase accounted for 61.00%of the total life cycle carbon emissions,the building materials production phase accounted for 35.28%,and the rest accounted for 3.72%.Finally,from the aspects of scheme planning and equipment selection,combined with the characteristics of carbon emissions in each stage,the technical path and strategy to reduce carbon emissions in buildings are proposed,and the carbon emission reduction benefits of each factor are analyzed quantitatively.4.Carry out experimental research and analysis on the calculation of annual photovoltaic power generation of buildings,build two sets of experimental platforms,and test the photoelectric performance of double glass monocrystalline silicon and polycrystalline silicon photovoltaic modules under the same working conditions.According to the experimental results,the maximum electrical power of polysilicon photovoltaic modules can reach 260.21 W,the average electrical power of the whole day is 184.85 W,and the cumulative power generation is 1.48 k Wh;The maximum electric power of the double glass monocrystalline silicon photovoltaic module can reach 296.50 W,the average electric power throughout the day is 236.82 W,and the accumulated power generation is 1.90 k Wh.The 4630 PV module power data measured on two sets of experimental platforms were used to sort out the data according to different solar irradiance,calculate the average power of PV modules under different irradiance,and use the visual programming language Grasshopper software based on Rhino platform to analyze the weather parameters of 8760 hours a year using the Ladybug plug-in to obtain the hours of different irradiance in Wuxi.Use the above data to forecast the annual power generation,and correct the carbon emissions of the case buildings.Figure[53]table[58]reference[83]...