Incentive Mechanism For Spectrum Sharing Based On Location Privacy Protection In IoV

The prerequisite for realizing IoV is to have enough spectrum resources as support.However,the dedicated spectrum resources currently allocated to IoV are limited.With the growth of the cellular network’s own business requirements and the massive demand for spectrum resources for automotive terminal applications,limited spectrum resources are difficult to meet the growing number of devices in IoV.Cognitive radio technology can sense the idle spectrum,detect and share the spectrum unused by PUs users in real time.By sharing spectrum resources in different frequency bands,the comprehensive and efficient use of the spectrum can be realized,which can meet the growing spectrum demand of IoV.The active participation of PUs is crucial to the effective implementation of spectrum sharing in IoV.However,in the existing spectrum sharing scheme,the privacy of the PUs has risks,which reduces the enthusiasm of the PUs to participate in spectrum sharing.How to increase the participation of the PUs while protecting the location information of the PUs and ensure the effective implementation of spectrum sharing in IoV is an urgent problem to be solved.In this manuscript,a blockchain incentive mechanism based on location information protection is designed to solve the problem of low participation of PUs caused by location information leakage during the spectrum sharing in IoV.First,a multi-user collaborative K-anonymous location privacy protection scheme is proposed,which is applied in the scenario of Internet of Vehicles spectrum sharing to protect the location privacy of the main user.Honesty degree evaluation algorithm and deposit payment mechanism are designed.The location information of PUs is generalized into an anonymous area containing K pieces of location information to satisfy PUs’ personalized location privacy protection requirements.And the wish list is proposed to ensure the construction of the anonymous area.In addition,considering the knowledge background reasoning attack that the anonymous area may suffer,this paper proposes an anonymous candidate area generation scheme,which uses historical location information to find similar users to participate in the anonymous area construction.In this manuscript,the anonymous area structure is regarded as a transaction,which is encrypted and stored on the blockchain as a certificate,and a competition mechanism for bookkeeping rights is proposed.Secondly,this paper proposes an incentive mechanism based on blockchain.Based on the privacy protection scheme,transaction bills as evidence,using transaction bills as evidence,game theory-based reporting and adjudication Strategy is proposed,which includes users’mutual reporting and referees making adjudication.The three-dimensional reward and punishment strategy of honesty degree,revenue and deposit is built to achieve the purpose of incentive and restraint.In addition,to further encourage SUs to participate in the construction of anonymity areas,ensure the effective implementation of the location privacy scheme,and meet the privacy protection needs of PUs,this paper proposes a second-price auction strategy based on honesty degree.The non-price attribute of spectrum is introduced into the spectrum auction,and the spectrum evaluation of PUs and the spectrum priority of SUs are proposed.This allocation strategy starts from honesty degree,ensures that SUs with high honesty degree can obtain higher-quality spectrum at a lower price,and encourages SUs to actively assist PUs to construct an anonymous area to meet PUs’ location privacy protection needs.Finally,this paper conducts simulation experiments on the protection of the location privacy of PUs and the incentive effect of the proposed scheme in the spectrum sharing in IoV.The results show that the scheme proposed can effectively prevent the leakage of the location privacy of PUs,and effectively encourage PUs to actively participate in the spectrum sharing in IoV.